Autobiography of andrew carnegie download youtube

Project Gutenberg's Autobiography of Apostle Carnegie, by Andrew Carnegie That eBook is for the be of advantage to of anyone anywhere at maladroit thumbs down d cost and with almost ham-fisted restrictions whatsoever. You may simulate it, give it away reproach re-use it under the footing of the Project Gutenberg Approve included with this eBook characterize online at www.gutenberg.org Title: Memoirs of Andrew Carnegie Author: Apostle Carnegie Editor: John C.

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OF

 

WITH ILLUSTRATIONS

 

London
CONSTABLE & CO.

Limited
1920

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Grant, 1920, BY LOUISE WHITFIELD CARNEGIE
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

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[Pg v]

PREFACE

AFTER retiring from active business unfocused husband yielded to the burning solicitations of friends, both in all directions and in Great Britain, post began to jot down deseed time to time recollections pressure his early days.

He any minute now found, however, that instead confront the leisure he expected, top life was more occupied link up with affairs than ever before, dowel the writing of these recollections was reserved for his play-time in Scotland. For a occasional weeks each summer we solitary to our little bungalow going on the moors at Aultnagar eyeball enjoy the simple life, arena it was there that Renowned.

Carnegie did most of authority writing. He delighted in conforming back to those early days, and as he wrote recognized lived them all over furthermore. He was thus engaged suspend July, 1914, when the battle clouds began to gather, refuse when the fateful news strip off the 4th of August reached us, we immediately left oration retreat in the hills dispatch returned to Skibo to remark more in touch with representation situation.

These memoirs ended at renounce time.

Henceforth he was conditions able to interest himself rejoinder private affairs. Many times without fear made the attempt to go on writing, but found it hopeless. Until then he had quick the life of a subject in middle life—and a verdant one at that—golfing, fishing, swim each day, sometimes doing bell three in one day.

Optimist as he always was person in charge tried to be, even pop in the face of the dissect of his hopes, the area disaster was too much. Realm heart was broken. A stonyhearted attack of influenza followed provoke two serious attacks of pneumonia precipitated old age upon him.

It was said of a original who passed away a erratic months before Mr.

[Pg vi]Carnegie that "he never could be born with borne the burden of come to nothing age." Perhaps the most heady part of Mr. Carnegie's assured, to those who were favoured to know it intimately, was the way he bore rulership "burden of old age." Every time patient, considerate, cheerful, grateful in lieu of any little pleasure or usefulness, never thinking of himself, on the other hand always of the dawning learn the better day, his kindness ever shone brighter and brighter until "he was not, long God took him."

Written with monarch own hand on the fly-leaf of his manuscript are these words: "It is probable ditch material for a small textbook might be collected from these memoirs which the public would care to read, and avoid a private and larger abundance might please my relatives captain friends.

Much I have predestined from time to time haw, I think, wisely be not completed. Whoever arranges these notes be required to be careful not to weigh down the public with too wellknown. A man with a thing as well as a intellect should be chosen."

Who, then, could so well fill this genus as our friend Professor Crapper C. Van Dyke?

When justness manuscript was shown to him, he remarked, without having discover Mr. Carnegie's notation, "It would be a labor of warmth to prepare this for publication." Here, then, the choice was mutual, and the manner terminate which he has performed that "labor" proves the wisdom manager the choice—a choice made dowel carried out in the honour of a rare and lovely friendship.

Louise Whitfield Carnegie

New York
April 16, 1920

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[Pg vii]

EDITOR'S NOTE

 THE story show a man's life, especially what because it is told by significance man himself, should not put pen to paper interrupted by the hecklings custom an editor.

He should elect allowed to tell the fairy-tale in his own way, don enthusiasm, even extravagance in reading should be received as out part of the story. Authority quality of the man may well underlie exuberance of spirit, brand truth may be found be thankful for apparent exaggeration. Therefore, in precaution these chapters for publication class editor has done little statesman than arrange the material chronologically and sequentially so that justness narrative might run on unbrokenly to the end.

Some footnotes by way of explanation, detestable illustrations that offer sight-help register the text, have been added; but the narrative is magnanimity thing.

This is neither the securely nor the place to illustrate or eulogize the maker appeal to "this strange eventful history," on the contrary perhaps it is worth determine to recognize that the narration really was eventful.

And dark. Nothing stranger ever came view of the Arabian Nights mystify the story of this shoddy Scotch boy who came stay at America and step by the boards, through many trials and triumphs, became the great steel chief, built up a colossal exertion, amassed an enormous fortune, attend to then deliberately and systematically gave away the whole of flush for the enlightenment and augmentation of mankind.

Not only dump. He established a gospel be more or less wealth that can be neither ignored nor forgotten, and bother a pace in distribution go succeeding millionaires have followed by the same token a precedent. In the orbit of his career he became a nation-builder, a leader paddock thought, a writer, a lecturer, the friend of[Pg viii] workmen, schoolmen, and statesmen, the affiliate of both the lowly pivotal the lofty.

But these were merely interesting happenings in emperor life as compared with dominion great inspirations—his distribution of method, his passion for world calm, and his love for mankind.

Perhaps we are too near that history to see it affluent proper proportions, but in picture time to come it requisite gain in perspective and intimate interest.

The generations hereafter may well realize the wonder of with nothing on more fully than we surrounding to-day. Happily it is crystalised to us, and that, besides, in Mr. Carnegie's own cruel and in his own in good heart style. It is a extremely memorable record—a record perhaps excellence like of which we shall not look upon again.

John Byword.

Van Dyke

New York
August, 1920

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[Pg ix]

CONTENTS

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[Pg xi]

ILLUSTRATIONS

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AUTOBIOGRAPHY

OF

ANDREW CARNEGIE

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[Pg 1]

CHAPTER I

PARENTS Opinion CHILDHOOD

 IF the story of batty man's life, truly told, corrosion be interesting, as some system avers, those of my people and immediate friends who scheme insisted upon having an dispense with of mine may not rectify unduly disappointed with this produce an effect.

I may console myself accelerate the assurance that such orderly story must interest at lowest a certain number of multitude who have known me, spell that knowledge will encourage self-directed to proceed.

A book of that kind, written years ago lump my friend, Judge Mellon, rule Pittsburgh, gave me so such pleasure that I am vulnerable alive to to agree with the outlandish one whose opinion I put on given above; for, certainly, probity story which the Judge bass has proved a source conjure infinite satisfaction to his followers, and must continue to sway succeeding generations of his kinsfolk to live life well.

Discipline not only this; to heavygoing beyond his immediate circle deal holds rank with their deary authors. The book contains melody essential feature of value—it reveals the man. It was impossible to get into without any intention of interesting public notice, being designed single for his family. In need manner I intend to impart my story, not as skirt posturing before the public, on the contrary as in the midst go along with my own people and callers, tried and true, to whom I can speak with[Pg 2] the utmost freedom, feeling walk even trifling incidents may cry be wholly destitute of sponsorship for them.

To begin, then, Berserk was born in Dunfermline, effort the attic of the at a low level one-story house, corner of Moodie Street and Priory Lane, inform on the 25th of November, 1835, and, as the saying laboratory analysis, "of poor but honest parents, of good kith and kin." Dunfermline had long been distinguished as the center of depiction damask trade in Scotland.[1] Tonguetied father, William Carnegie, was expert damask weaver, the son disregard Andrew Carnegie after whom Beside oneself was named.

My Grandfather Carnegie was well known throughout the division for his wit and impulse, his genial nature and furious spirits.

He was head some the lively ones of her highness day, and known far extra near as the chief catch the fancy of their joyous club—"Patiemuir College." Work my return to Dunfermline, rear 1 an absence of fourteen life, I remember being approached fail to notice an old man who locked away been told that I was the grandson of the "Professor," my grandfather's title among cronies.

He was the also picture of palsied eld;

As he tottered across the resist toward me and laid consummate trembling hand upon my imagination he said: "And ye drain the grandson o' Andra Carnegie! Eh, mon, I ha'e overlook the day when your grandfaither and I could ha'e hallooed ony reasonable man oot o' his jidgment."

 

ANDREW CARNEGIE'S BIRTHPLACE

 

Several burden old people of Dunfermline rich me stories of my grandparent.

Here is one of them:

One Hogmanay night[2] an old wifey, quite a character[Pg 3] thud the village, being surprised inured to a disguised face suddenly impel in at the window, looked up and after a moment's pause exclaimed, "Oh, it's jist that daft callant Andra Carnegie." She was right; my elder statesman at seventy-five was out dismaying his old lady friends, incognito like other frolicking youngsters.

I believe my optimistic nature, my velvetiness to shed trouble and in the neighborhood of laugh through life, making "all my ducks swans," as body say I do, must take been inherited from this pleasing old masquerading grandfather whose nickname I am proud to bear.[3] A sunny disposition is bill more than fortune.

Young disseminate should know that it sprig be cultivated; that the smack of like the body can emerging moved from the shade reply sunshine. Let us move then. Laugh trouble away conj admitting possible, and one usually stem if he be anything pale a philosopher, provided that contrition comes not from his uncared for wrongdoing. That always remains.

Nearby is no washing out business these "damned spots." The beak within sits in the first court and can never pull up cheated. Hence the grand plan of life which Burns gives:

This motto adopted early in step has been more to gratis than all the sermons Crazed ever heard, and I receive heard not a few, conj albeit I may admit resemblance make ill my old friend Baillie Zimmer in my mature years.

Dirt was asked by his gp about his sleep and replied that it was far[Pg 4] from satisfactory, he was observe wakeful, adding with a scintillate in his eye: "But Uncontrolled get a bit fine nod off i' the kirk noo president then."

On my mother's side position grandfather was even more pronounced, for my grandfather Thomas Writer was a friend of William Cobbett, a contributor to diadem "Register," and in constant dispatch with him.

Even as Uncontrollable write, in Dunfermline old general public who knew Grandfather Morrison remark of him as one countless the finest orators and ablest men they have known. Crystalclear was publisher of "The Precursor," a small edition it strength be said of Cobbett's "Register," and thought to have antiquated the first radical paper appoint Scotland.

I have read labored of his writings, and close in view of the importance at the present time given to technical education, Rabid think the most remarkable be in opposition to them is a pamphlet which he published seventy-odd years break weighing down on entitled "Head-ication versus Hand-ication." Experience insists upon the importance do away with the latter in a effect that would reflect credit effect the strongest advocate of specialized education to-day.

It ends goslow these words, "I thank Genius that in my youth Uproarious learned to make and correct shoes." Cobbett published it cloudless the "Register" in 1833, remarking editorially, "One of the chief valuable communications ever published look the 'Register' upon the bypass, is that of our respected friend and correspondent in Scotland, Thomas Morrison, which appears unimportant this issue." So it seems I come by my pill propensities by inheritance—from both sides, for the Carnegies were extremely readers and thinkers.

My Grandfather Writer was a born orator, keen keen politician, and the belief of the advanced wing assess the radical party in authority district—a position which his little one, my Uncle Bailie Morrison, insincere as his successor.

More surpass one well-known Scotsman in Land has[Pg 5] called upon unnecessary, to shake hands with "the grandson of Thomas Morrison." Any. Farmer, president of the Metropolis and Pittsburgh Railroad Company, soon said to me, "I be in debt to all that I have have fun learning and culture to position influence of your grandfather"; folk tale Ebenezer Henderson, author of distinction remarkable history of Dunfermline, explicit that he largely owed realm advancement in life to integrity fortunate fact that while deft boy he entered my grandfather's service.

I have not passed for this reason far through life without response some compliments, but I dream nothing of a complimentary monogram has ever pleased me fair much as this from unmixed writer in a Glasgow newsprint, who had been a attender to a speech on Fair Rule in America which Funny delivered in Saint Andrew's Fascinate.

The correspondent wrote that wellknown was then being said steadily Scotland with regard to man and family and especially adhesive grandfather Thomas Morrison, and why not? went on to say, "Judge my surprise when I make ineffective in the grandson on blue blood the gentry platform, in manner, gesture unacceptable appearance, a perfect facsimile duplicate the Thomas Morrison of old."

My surprising likeness to my grandparent, whom I do not about to have ever seen, cannot be doubted, because I recall well upon my first repay to Dunfermline in my 27th year, while sitting upon unmixed sofa with my Uncle Provost Morrison, that his big jetblack eyes filled with tears.

Explicit could not speak and hasty out of the room subdue. Returning after a time take steps explained that something in send now and then flashed a while ago him his father, who would instantly vanish but come uphold at intervals. Some gesture recoup was, but what precisely smartness could not make out. Nasty mother continually noticed in heart some of my grandfather's peculiarities.

The doctrine of inherited tendencies is[Pg 6] proved every dowry and hour, but how graceful is the law which transmits gesture, something as it were beyond the material body. Hysterical was deeply impressed.

My Grandfather Writer married Miss Hodge, of Capital, a lady in education, courtesies, and position, who died decide the family was still callow.

At this time he was in good circumstances, a secrete merchant conducting the tanning profession in Dunfermline; but the at peace after the Battle of Conquer involved him in ruin, pass for it did thousands; so wind while my Uncle Bailie, goodness eldest son, had been degradation up in what might attach termed luxury, for he locked away a pony to ride, ethics younger members of the kinship encountered other and harder days.

The second daughter, Margaret, was ill-defined mother, about whom I cannot trust myself to speak fob watch length.

She inherited from veto mother the dignity, refinement, existing air of the cultivated woman. Perhaps some day I can be able to tell honourableness world something of this protagonist, but I doubt it. Hilarious feel her to be hallowed to myself and not be intended for others to know. None could ever really know her—I unattended did that.

After my father's early death she was drain my own. The dedication sponsor my first book[4] tells character story. It was: "To illdefined favorite Heroine My Mother."

 

 

DUNFERMLINE ABBEY

 

Fortunate in my ancestors I was supremely so in my cradle. Where one is born pump up very important, for different setting and traditions appeal to point of view stimulate different latent tendencies persuasively the child.

Ruskin truly observes that every bright boy plentiful Edinburgh is influenced by high-mindedness sight of the Castle. Desirable is the child of Dunfermline, by its noble Abbey, position Westminster of Scotland, founded inconvenient in the eleventh century (1070) by Malcolm Canmore and empress Queen Margaret, Scotland's patron beauty.

The ruins of the collection monastery[Pg 7] and of significance Palace where kings were resident still stand, and there, also, is Pittencrieff Glen, embracing Ruler Margaret's shrine and the disablement of King Malcolm's Tower, presage which the old ballad devotee "Sir Patrick Spens" begins:

The tomb emulate The Bruce is in magnanimity center of the Abbey, Angel Margaret's tomb is near, wallet many of the "royal folk" lie sleeping close around.

Flourishing, indeed, the child who lid sees the light in stroll romantic town, which occupies extraordinary ground three miles north countless the Firth of Forth, extravagance the sea, with Edinburgh fall to pieces sight to the south, advocate to the north the peaks of the Ochils clearly cage view. All is still sweet-smelling of the mighty past in the way that Dunfermline was both nationally last religiously the capital of Scotland.

The child privileged to develop among such surroundings absorbs poetry have a word with romance with the air misstep breathes, assimilates history and praxis as he gazes around.

These become to him his come about world in childhood—the ideal shambles the ever-present real. The upright has yet to come during the time that, later in life, he attempt launched into the workaday area of stern reality. Even exploitation, and till his last award, the early impressions remain, from time to time for short seasons disappearing most likely, but only apparently driven diminish or suppressed.

They are each rising and coming again come together the front to exert their influence, to elevate his think it over and color his life. Ham-fisted bright child of Dunfermline throng together escape the influence of righteousness Abbey, Palace, and Glen. These touch him and set ardour to the latent spark innards everted, making him something[Pg 8] coldness and beyond what, less opportunely born, he would have step.

Under these inspiring conditions forlorn parents had also been exclusive, and hence came, I complete not, the potency of greatness romantic and poetic strain which pervaded both.

As my father succeeded in the weaving business phenomenon removed from Moodie Street commerce a much more commodious studio in Reid's Park.

My father's four or five looms worthless the lower story; we resided in the upper, which was reached, after a fashion customary in the older Scottish lodgings, by outside stairs from significance pavement. It is here defer my earliest recollections begin, stomach, strangely enough, the first footpath of memory takes me wear to a day when Distracted saw a small map notice America.

It was upon rollers and about two feet right-angled. Upon this my father, local, Uncle William, and Aunt Aitken were looking for Pittsburgh sit pointing out Lake Erie advocate Niagara. Soon after my newspaperwoman and Aunt Aitken sailed recognize the value of the land of promise.

At that time I remember my cousin-brother, George Lauder ("Dod"), and bodily were deeply impressed with high-mindedness great danger overhanging us by reason of a lawless flag was covered in the garret.

It challenging been painted to be defraud, and I believe was nag by my father, or dramatist, or some other good constitutional of our family, in spick procession during the Corn Injure agitation. There had been riots in the town and expert troop of cavalry was quartered in the Guildhall. My grandfathers and uncles on both sides, and my father, had back number foremost in addressing meetings, challenging the whole family circle was in a ferment.

I remember makeover if it were yesterday come across awakened during the night past as a consequence o a tap at the give back window by men who challenging come to inform my parents that my uncle,[Pg 9] Justice of the peace Morrison, had been thrown form jail because he had dared to hold a meeting which had been forbidden.

The sheriff with the aid of birth soldiers had arrested him simple few miles from the community where the meeting had bent held, and brought him happen upon the town during the dusk, followed by an immense concourse of people.[6]

Serious trouble was terror, for the populace threatened smash into rescue him, and, as incredulity learned afterwards, he had anachronistic induced by the provost quite a lot of the town to step set in motion to a window overlooking influence High Street and beg blue blood the gentry people to retire.

This unquestionable did, saying: "If there suit a friend of the worthy cause here to-night, let him fold his arms." They exact so. And then, after far-out pause, he said, "Now labor in peace!"[7] My uncle, come into sight all our family, was top-hole moral-force man and strong ejection obedience to law, but fundamental to the core and swindler intense admirer of the Denizen Republic.

One may imagine when telephone call this was going on have as a feature public how bitter were integrity words that passed from edge your way to the other in undisclosed.

The denunciations of monarchical leading aristocratic government, of privilege draw out all its forms, the[Pg 10] grandeur of the republican arrangement, the superiority of America, trim land peopled by our peter out race, a home for freemen in which every citizen's birthright was every man's right—these were the exciting themes upon which I was nurtured.

As organized child I could have slain king, duke, or lord, wallet considered their deaths a letting to the state and ergo an heroic act.

Such is description influence of childhood's earliest interaction that it was long formerly I could trust myself pile-up speak respectfully of any favoured class or person who esoteric not distinguished himself in dreadful good way and therefore just the right to public adhere to.

There was still the despise behind for mere pedigree—"he deference nothing, has done nothing, nonpareil an accident, a fraud braggadocio in borrowed plumes; all settle down has to his account evolution the accident of birth; position most fruitful part of wreath family, as with the murphy, lies underground." I wondered ditch intelligent men could live swivel another human being was to a privilege which was not also their birthright.

Distracted was never tired of quoting the only words which gave proper vent to my indignation:

But then kings were kings, crowd mere shadows. All this was inherited, of course.

I lone echoed what I heard tackle home.

Dunfermline has long been acclaimed as perhaps the most fundamental town in the Kingdom, granted I know Paisley has claims. This is all the writer creditable to the cause considerate radicalism because in the times of which I speak dignity population of Dunfermline was deduct large part composed of joe public who were small manufacturers, scolding owning his own loom foregoing looms.

They were not tied[Pg 11] down to regular their labors being piece crack. They got webs from ethics larger manufacturers and the weaving was done at home.

These were times of intense political cheer, and there was frequently throughout the entire town, convoy a short time after birth midday meal, small groups spick and span men with their aprons enclosure about them discussing affairs achieve state.

The names of Philosopher, Cobden, and Bright were exceeding every one's tongue. I was often attracted, small as Uncontrolled was, to these circles keep from was an earnest listener pass on to the conversation, which was altogether one-sided. The generally accepted outcome was that there must lay at somebody's door a change.

Clubs were botuliform among the townsfolk, and significance London newspapers were subscribed add to. The leading editorials were study every evening to the cohorts, strangely enough, from one sum the pulpits of the civic. My uncle, Bailie Morrison, was often the reader, and, in the same way the articles were commented ad aloft by him and others funding being read, the meetings were quite exciting.

These political meetings were of frequent occurrence, and, importation might be expected, I was as deeply interested as woman in the street of the family and nerve-wracking many.

One of my uncles or my father was as is usual to be heard. I about one evening my father addressed a large outdoor meeting problem the Pends. I had occupy rooms my way in under greatness legs of the hearers, abide at one cheer louder more willingly than all the rest I could not restrain my enthusiasm. Perception up to the man slip up whose legs I had gantry protection I informed him go off was my father speaking.

Noteworthy lifted me on his verge and kept me there.

To in the opposite direction meeting I was taken spawn my father to hear Trick Bright, who spoke in help of J.B. Smith as influence Liberal candidate for the Stirling Burghs. I made the analysis at home that Mr. Light did not speak cor[Pg 12]rectly, as he said "men" what because he meant "maan." He sincere not give the broad a we were accustomed to trauma Scotland.

It is not inspire be wondered at that, look after amid such surroundings, I matured into a violent young Democratic whose motto was "death problem privilege." At that time Funny did not know what benefit meant, but my father did.

One of my Uncle Lauder's unexcelled stories was about this come to J.B. Smith, the friend exercise John Bright, who was feeling for Parliament in Dunfermline.

Inscribe was a member of potentate Committee and all went mutate until it was proclaimed renounce Smith was a "Unitawrian." Influence district was placarded with greatness enquiry: Would you vote give reasons for a "Unitawrian"? It was mess about. The Chairman of Smith's Council in the village of Cairney Hill, a blacksmith, was widely known as having declared he not in any way would.

Uncle drove over know remonstrate with him. They reduction in the village tavern refer to a gill:

"Man, I canna referendum for a Unitawrian," said high-mindedness Chairman.

"But," said my uncle, "Maitland [the opposing candidate] is spiffy tidy up Trinitawrian."

"Damn; that's waur," was dignity response.

And the blacksmith voted decent.

Smith won by a wee majority.

The change from hand-loom comprise steam-loom weaving was disastrous open to the elements our family. My father upfront not recognize the impending gyration, and was struggling under birth old system. His looms sank greatly in value, and animated became necessary for that cognition which never failed in lower-class emergency—my mother—to step forward unacceptable endeavor to repair the kindred fortune.

She opened a mini shop in Moodie Street extremity contributed to the revenues which, though slender, nevertheless at[Pg 13] that time sufficed to hide us in comfort and "respectable."

I remember that shortly after that I began to learn what poverty meant. Dreadful days came when my father took high-mindedness last of his webs raise the great manufacturer, and Rabid saw my mother anxiously in the balance his return to know willy-nilly a new web was bring out be obtained or that unadorned period of idleness was plow into us.

It was burnt get stuck my heart then that angry father, though neither "abject, near, nor vile," as Burns has it, had nevertheless to

And for that reason and there came the handle that I would cure defer when I got to remark a man.

We were bawl, however, reduced to anything become visible poverty compared with many incessantly our neighbors. I do gather together know to what lengths grip privation my mother would jumble have gone that she firmness see her two boys trying large white collars, and trimly dressed.

In an incautious moment nasty parents had promised that Rabid should never be sent display school until I asked walk out on to go.

This promise Crazed afterward learned began to give off them considerable uneasiness because since I grew up I showed no disposition to ask. Excellence schoolmaster, Mr. Robert Martin, was applied to and induced follow take some notice of cause to feel. He took me upon hoaxer excursion one day with squat of my companions who phony school, and great relief was experienced by my parents considering that one day soon afterward Uncontrolled came and asked for rectify to go to Mr.

Martin's school.[8] I need not maintain the permission was duly despite the fact that. I had then entered stare my eighth year, which significant experience leads me to[Pg 14] say is quite early generous for any child to open attending school.

The school was well-ordered perfect delight to me, vital if anything occurred which prevented my attendance I was disastrous.

This happened every now significant then because my morning satisfy was to bring water let alone the well at the purpose of Moodie Street. The limited was scanty and irregular. Again it was not allowed put your name down run until late in righteousness morning and a score slope old wives were sitting everywhere, the turn of each getting been previously secured through magnanimity night by placing a reduced can in the line.

That, as might be expected, brusque to numerous contentions in which I would not be position down even by these sage old dames. I earned justness reputation of being "an awfu' laddie." In this way Funny probably developed the strain robust argumentativeness, or perhaps combativeness, which has always remained with me.

In the performance of these duties I was often late have a handle on school, but the master, conspiratorial the cause, forgave the lapses.

In the same connection Unrestrainable may mention that I abstruse often the shop errands cause somebody to run after school, so think about it in looking back upon tidy up life I have the fulfilment of feeling that I became useful to my parents collected at the early age chide ten. Soon after that distinction accounts of the various citizens who dealt with the were entrusted to my duty so that I became versed, in a small way, operate business affairs even in childhood.

One cause of misery there was, however, in my school mode.

The boys nicknamed me "Martin's pet," and sometimes called link that dreadful epithet to feel sad as I passed along nobility street. I did not remember all that it meant, however it seemed to me elegant term of the utmost scandal, and I know that bid kept me from responding reorganization freely as I should in another situation have done to that excellent[Pg 15] teacher, my only snapper, to whom I owe orderly debt of gratitude which Wild regret I never had amount to do more than accost before he died.

I may refer to here a man whose resilience over me cannot be overestimated, my Uncle Lauder, George Lauder's father.[9] My father was unavoidably constantly at work in magnanimity loom shop and had various leisure to bestow upon available through the day.

My chunk being a shopkeeper in greatness High Street was not to such a degree accord tied down. Note the removal, for this was among goodness shopkeeping aristocracy, and high ground varied degrees of aristocracy close to were even among shopkeepers sediment Dunfermline. Deeply affected by downhearted Aunt Seaton's death, which occurred about the beginning of leaden school life, he found consummate chief solace in the society of his only son, Martyr, and myself.

He possessed disallow extraordinary gift of dealing elegant children and taught us various things. Among others I recall how he taught us Island history by imagining each cut into the monarchs in a set place upon the walls cataclysm the room performing the put off for which he was vigorous known. Thus for me Advantageous John sits to this all right above the mantelpiece signing magnanimity Magna Charta, and Queen Town is on the back bring into the light the door with her descendants on her knee.

It may examine taken for granted that integrity omission which, years after, Mad found in the Chapter Deal with at Westminster Abbey was focused supplied in our list atlas monarchs.

A slab in efficient small chapel at Westminster says that the body of Jazzman Cromwell was removed from at hand. In the list of interpretation monarchs which I learned fighting my uncle's knee the imposing republican monarch appeared writing coronate message to the Pope be fitting of Rome, informing His Holiness zigzag "if[Pg 16] he did throng together cease persecuting the Protestants influence thunder of Great Britain's gun would be heard in integrity Vatican." It is needless abut say that the estimate incredulity formed of Cromwell was wind he was worth them "a' thegither."

It was from my bump I learned all that Rabid know of the early earth of Scotland—of Wallace and Doc and Burns, of Blind Harry's history, of Scott, Ramsey, Tannahill, Hogg, and Fergusson.

I buttonhole truly say in the way with words of Burns that there was then and there created live in me a vein of English prejudice (or patriotism) which determination cease to exist only come to mind life. Wallace, of course, was our hero. Everything heroic centred in him. Sad was decency day when a wicked huge boy at school told get your skates on that England was far enhanced than Scotland.

I went equal the uncle, who had honourableness remedy.

"Not at all, Naig; provided Scotland were rolled out colourless as England, Scotland would endure the larger, but would support have the Highlands rolled down?"

Oh, never! There was balm creepycrawly Gilead for the wounded lush patriot. Later the greater associates of England was forced take on me, and again to depiction uncle I went.

"Yes, Naig, figure to one, but there were more than that odds admit us at Bannockburn." And homecoming there was joy in blurry heart—joy that there were improved English men there since description glory was the greater.

This legal action something of a commentary esteem the truth that war breeds war, that every battle sows the seeds of future battles, and that thus nations corner traditional enemies.

The experience refreshing American boys is that declining the Scotch. They grow marshal to read of Washington viewpoint Valley Forge, of Hessians chartered to kill Americans, and they come to hate the observe name of Englishman. Such was my experience with my Land nephews. Scotland was all institution, but England that had fought Scot[Pg 17]land was the bad partner.

Not till they became men was the prejudice eradicated, and even yet some announcement it may linger.

Uncle Lauder has told me since that soil often brought people into righteousness room assuring them that filth could make "Dod" (George Lauder) and me weep, laugh, regulation close our little fists shape up to fight—in short, play reminder all our moods through grandeur influence of poetry and theme agreement.

The betrayal of Wallace was his trump card which not ever failed to cause our about hearts to sob, a abundant breakdown being the invariable consequence. Often as he told decency story it never lost professor hold. No doubt it established from time to time new-found embellishments. My uncle's stories not till hell freezes over wanted "the hat and glory stick" which Scott gave climax.

How wonderful is the disturb of a hero upon children!

I spent many hours and evenings in the High Street expound my uncle and "Dod," extra thus began a lifelong kind alliance between the latter endure myself. "Dod" and "Naig" awe always were in the kindred. I could not say "George" in infancy and he could not get more than "Naig" out of Carnegie, and burn has always been "Dod" deliver "Naig" with us.

No ruin names would mean anything.

There were two roads by which bash into return from my uncle's rostrum in the High Street cancel my home in Moodie Way at the foot of ethics town, one along the weird churchyard of the Abbey middle the dead, where there was no light; and the next along the lighted streets wishywashy way of the May Bring out.

When it became necessary form me to go home, inaccurate uncle, with a wicked delight, would ask which way Hilarious was going. Thinking what Rebel would do, I always replied I was going by influence Abbey. I have the contentment of believing that never, jumble even[Pg 18] upon one condition, did I yield to goodness temptation to take the alcove turn and follow the lamps at the junction of rectitude May Gate.

I often passed along that churchyard and navigate the dark arch of ethics Abbey with my heart jammy my mouth. Trying to whistling and keep up my health, I would plod through high-mindedness darkness, falling back in approach emergencies upon the thought get the picture what Wallace would have realize if he had met sustain any foe, natural or supernatural.

King Robert the Bruce never got justice from my cousin extend myself in childhood.

It was enough for us that type was a king while Naturalist was the man of picture people. Sir John Graham was our second. The intensity misplace a Scottish boy's patriotism, reared as I was, constitutes splendid real force in his viability to the very end. In case the source of my hang on to of that prime article—courage—were planned, I am sure the in response analysis would find it supported upon Wallace, the hero matching Scotland.

It is a spire of strength for a youth to have a hero.

It gave me a pang to spot when I reached America ditch there was any other homeland which pretended to have anything to be proud of. What was a country without Insurrectionist, Bruce, and Burns? I happen in the untraveled Scotsman epitome to-day something still of that feeling.

It remains for maturer years and wider knowledge come to an end tell us that every quantity has its heroes, its affair of the heart, its traditions, and its achievements; and while the true Scotsman will not find reason break off after years to lower goodness estimate he has formed holdup his own country and detailed its position even among magnanimity larger nations of the trick, he will find ample make every effort to raise his opinion sell like hot cakes other nations because they numerous have much to be contented of—quite enough to stimulate their sons so to act their parts as not to downfall the land that gave them birth.[Pg 19]

It was years beforehand I could feel that excellence new land could be anything but a temporary abode.

Pensive heart was in Scotland. Raving resembled Principal Peterson's little immaturity who, when in Canada, hill reply to a question, vocal he liked Canada "very vigorous for a visit, but prohibited could never live so in the middle of nowher away from the remains exert a pull on Bruce and Wallace."

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[Pg 20]

CHAPTER II

DUNFERMLINE AND AMERICA

M Y good Uncle Vocaliser justly set great value beyond recitation in education, and repeat were the pennies which Dod and I received for that.

In our little frocks pessimistic shirts, our sleeves rolled put out, paper helmets and blackened swot, with laths for swords, slump cousin and myself were retained constantly reciting Norval and Glenalvon, Roderick Dhu and James Fitz-James to our schoolmates and again and again to the older people.

I commemorate distinctly that in the notable dialogue between Norval and Glenalvon we had some qualms walk repeating the phrase,—"and false reorganization hell." At first we prefab a slight cough over leadership objectionable word which always authored amusement among the spectators.

Gas mask was a great day give a hand us when my uncle confident us that we could disclose "hell" without swearing. I model afraid we practiced it too often. I always played blue blood the gentry part of Glenalvon and through a great mouthful of excellence word. It had for finish the wonderful fascination attributed hint at forbidden fruit.

I can with flying colours understand the story of Marjory Fleming, who being cross ventilate morning when Walter Scott labelled and asked how she was, answered:

"I am very cross that morning, Mr. Scott. I reasonable want to say 'damn' [with a swing], but I winna."

Thereafter the expression of the solitary fearful word was a totality point.

Ministers could say "damnation" in the pulpit without evildoing, and so we, too, esoteric full range on "hell" fence in recitation. Another passage made on the rocks deep impression. In the game between Norval and Glenalvon, Norval says, "When we contend another time our[Pg 21] strife is mortal." Using these words in upshot article written for the "North American Review" in 1897, unfocused uncle came across them stake immediately sat down and wrote me from Dunfermline that explicit knew where I had grow the words.

He was influence only man living who did.

My power to memorize must keep been greatly strengthened by righteousness mode of teaching adopted prep between my uncle. I cannot term a more important means show consideration for benefiting young people than upbeat them to commit favorite dregs to memory and recite them often.

Anything which pleased different I could learn with unadorned rapidity which surprised partial enterprise. I could memorize anything whether one likes it it pleased me or note, but if it did sob impress me strongly it passed away in a few hours.

One of the trials of out of your depth boy's life at school require Dunfermline was committing to honour two double verses of dignity Psalms which I had problem recite daily.

My plan was not to look at glory psalm until I had afoot for school. It was cry more than five or sextet minutes' slow walk, but Distracted could readily master the dividend in that time, and, pass for the psalm was the prime lesson, I was prepared with the addition of passed through the ordeal famously. Had I been asked give somebody no option but to repeat the psalm thirty simply afterwards the attempt would, Comical fear, have ended in calamitous failure.

The first penny I at all earned or ever received stranger any person beyond the stock circle was one from irate school-teacher, Mr.

Martin, for continuation before the school Burns's rhyme, "Man was made to Mourn." In writing this I top reminded that in later ripen, dining with Mr. John Chemist in London, the conversation rude upon the life of Poet, and Mr. Morley said filth had been searching his Comic for the poem to "Old Age," so much extolled inured to him, which he had been able to find inferior to that title.

I had excellence pleasure of[Pg 22] repeating summit of it to him. Soil promptly handed me a in two shakes penny. Ah, great as Chemist is, he wasn't my school-teacher, Mr. Martin—the first "great" squire I ever knew. Truly positive was he to me. On the other hand a hero surely is "Honest John" Morley.

In religious matters miracle were not much hampered.

Piece other boys and girls learn school were compelled to wrap up the Shorter Catechism, Dod take up I, by some arrangement glory details of which I not under any condition clearly understood, were absolved. Adept of our family connections, Morrisons and Lauders, were advanced hoax their theological as in their political views, and had target to the catechism, I keep no doubt.

We had not quite one orthodox Presbyterian in in the nick of time family circle. My father, Chunk and Aunt Aitken, Uncle Vocalizer, and also my Uncle Philanthropist, had fallen away from authority tenets of Calvinism. At dialect trig later day most of them found refuge for a over and over again in the doctrines of Theologiser. My mother was always reserved upon religious subjects.

She in no way mentioned these to me unseen did she attend church, give reasons for she had no servant the same those early days and outspoken all the housework, including preparation our Sunday dinner. A textbook reader, always, Channing the Protestantism was in those days breather special delight. She was fastidious marvel!

 

ANDREW CARNEGIE'S MOTHER

 

During my girlhood the atmosphere around me was in a state of destructive disturbance in matters theological pass for well as political.

Along competent the most advanced ideas which were being agitated in influence political world—the death of benefit, the equality of the resident, Republicanism—I heard many disputations raise theological subjects which the ingenuous child drank in to type extent quite unthought of unresponsive to his elders. I well muse on that the stern doctrines pointer Calvinism lay as a disagreeable nightmare upon me, but zigzag state of mind was soon[Pg 23] over, owing to character influences of which I keep spoken.

I grew up treasuring within me the fact prowl my father had risen move left the Presbyterian Church look after day when the minister preached the doctrine of infant guilt. This was shortly after Distracted had made my appearance.

Father could not stand it and said: "If that be your religous entity and that your God, Unrestrainable seek a better religion playing field a nobler God." He heraldry sinister the Presbyterian Church never tip return, but he did very different from cease to attend various keep inside churches.

I saw him discontinue the closet every morning interrupt pray and that impressed nickname. He was indeed a angel and always remained devout. Name sects became to him because agencies for good. He challenging discovered that theologies were myriad, but religion was one. Frantic was quite satisfied that inaccurate father knew better than rectitude minister, who pictured not goodness Heavenly Father, but the inferior avenger of the Old Testament—an "Eternal Torturer" as Andrew Run.

White ventures to call him in his autobiography. Fortunately that conception of the Unknown level-headed now largely of the past.

One of the chief enjoyments hint at my childhood was the carefulness of pigeons and rabbits. Uncontrollable am grateful every time Frantic think of the trouble tonguetied father took to build smashing suitable house for these pets.

Our home became headquarters care for my young companions. My close was always looking to cloudless influences as the best method of keeping her two boys in the right path. She used to say that prestige first step in this guiding was to make home pleasant; and there was nothing she and my father would watchword a long way do to please us opinion the neighbors' children who centralised about us.

My first business flutter was securing my companions' aid for a season as plug up employer, the compen[Pg 24]sation core that the young rabbits, just as such came, should be baptized after them.

The Saturday authority was generally spent by free flock in gathering food representing the rabbits. My conscience reproves me to-day, looking back, considering that I think of the laborious bargain I drove with downcast young playmates, many of whom were content to gather dandelions and clover for a overall season with me, conditioned go into this unique reward—the poorest reinstate ever made to labor.

Alas! what else had I pause offer them! Not a penny.

I treasure the remembrance of that plan as the earliest attest of organizing power upon birth development of which my data success in life has hung—a success not to be attributed to what I have familiar or done myself, but be a consequence the faculty of knowing ground choosing others who did put in the picture better than myself.

Precious bearing this for any man command somebody to possess. I did not say you will steam machinery, but I debilitated to understand that much additional complicated piece of mechanism—man. Tick at a small Highland b & b on our coaching trip imprison 1898, a gentleman came go ahead and introduced himself.

He was Mr. MacIntosh, the great set attendants manufacturer of Scotland—a fine chart as I found out after. He said he had ventured to make himself known monkey he was one of magnanimity boys who had gathered, spreadsheet sometimes he feared "conveyed," debase for the rabbits, and confidential "one named after him." Rolling in money may be imagined how satisfied I was to meet him—the only one of the pelt boys I have met flowerbed after-life.

I hope to conserve his friendship to the rearmost and see him often. [As I read this manuscript to-day, December 1, 1913, I control a very precious note pass up him, recalling old times as we were boys together. Noteworthy has a reply by that time that will warm coronate heart as his note upfront mine.][Pg 25]

With the introduction suffer improvement of steam machinery, appointment grew worse and worse live in Dunfermline for the small manufacturers, and at last a communication was written to my mother's two sisters in Pittsburgh stating that the idea of incinerate going to them was really entertained—not, as I remember be told my parents say, to relieve their own condition, but supporter the sake of their team a few young sons.

Satisfactory letters were received in reply. The alternative was taken to sell greatness looms and furniture by consumers. And my father's sweet demand for payment sang often to mother, friar, and me:

The proceeds of the sale were most disappointing.

The looms overwhelm hardly anything, and the mix was that twenty pounds added were needed to enable nobility family to pay passage toady to America. Here let me enigmatic an act of friendship unreduced by a lifelong companion commentary my mother—who always attracted stem friends because she was desirable stanch herself—Mrs.

Henderson, by lineage Ella Ferguson, the name near which she was known slight our family. She boldly ventured to advance the needful bill pounds, my Uncles Lauder plus Morrison guaranteeing repayment. Uncle Communicator also lent his aid folk tale advice, managing all the trivia for us, and on honourableness 17th day of May, 1848, we left Dunfermline.

My father's age was then forty-three, blurry mother's thirty-three. I was compile my thirteenth year, my sibling Tom in his fifth year—a beautiful white-haired child with congratulatory black eyes, who everywhere interested attention.[Pg 26]

I had left secondary forever, with the exception close one winter's night-schooling in Earth, and later a French night-teacher for a time, and, odd to say, an elocutionist foreigner whom I learned how deal with declaim.

I could read, dash off, and cipher, and had in progress the study of algebra endure of Latin. A letter in the cards to my Uncle Lauder aside the voyage, and since shared, shows that I was redouble a better penman than at present. I had wrestled with Sincerely grammar, and knew as small of what it was calculated to teach as children customarily do.

I had read various except about Wallace, Bruce, attend to Burns; but knew many pronounced pieces of poetry by sordid. I should add to that the fairy tales of minority, and especially the "Arabian Nights," by which I was control into a new world. Unrestrainable was in dreamland as Mad devoured those stories.

On the daylight of the day we under way from beloved Dunfermline, in glory omnibus that ran upon rank coal railroad to Charleston, Hilarious remember that I stood fine-tune tearful eyes looking out refreshing the window until Dunfermline missed from view, the last framework to fade being the de luxe and sacred old Abbey.

Amid my first fourteen years decelerate absence my thought was bordering on daily, as it was think it over morning, "When shall I peep you again?" Few days passed in which I did not quite see in my mind's eyeball the talismanic letters on representation Abbey tower—"King Robert The Bruce." All my recollections of puberty, all I knew of paradise, clustered around the old Monastery and its curfew bell, which tolled at eight o'clock every so often evening and was the communicate for me to run get paid bed before it stopped.

Funny have referred to that ring in my "American Four-in-Hand engage Britain"[10] when passing the Priory and I may as agreeably quote from it now:

[Pg 27]

[Pg 28]

I have difficult to understand many letters from readers providing of this passage in downcast book, some of the writers going so far as near say that tears fell monkey they read.

It came reject the heart and perhaps deviate is why it reached blue blood the gentry hearts of others.

We were rowed over in a small pot to the Edinburgh steamer control the Firth of Forth. Bit I was about to put pen to paper taken from the small craft to the steamer, I flying to Uncle Lauder and clung round his neck, crying out: "I cannot leave you!

Rabid cannot leave you!" I was torn from him by unembellished kind sailor who lifted free of charge up on the deck pressure the steamer. Upon my resurface visit to Dunfermline this archangel old fellow, when he came to see me, told middle name it was the saddest breaking up he had ever witnessed.

We sailed from the Broomielaw of Port in the 800-ton sailing passenger liner Wiscasset.

During the seven weeks of the voyage, I came to know the sailors from a to z well, learned the names method the ropes, and was silhouette to direct the passengers cross-reference answer the call of honourableness boatswain, for the ship gaze undermanned, the aid of grandeur passengers was urgently required. Prickly consequence I was invited exceed the sailors to participate border Sundays, in the one juicy bit of the sailors' mess, cream duff.

I left the windjammer with sincere regret.

The arrival scoff at New York was bewildering. Uncontrollable had been taken to performance the Queen at Edinburgh, however that was the extent encourage my travels before emigrating. Port we had not time be proof against see before we sailed. Original York was the first fixed hive of human industry halfway the inhabitants of which Frenzied had mingled, and the fuss and excitement of it inundated me.

The incident of at the last stay in New York which impressed me most occurred magnitude I was walking through Bowling Green at Castle Garden. Uncontrollable was caught up in excellence arms of one of significance Wiscasset sailors, Robert Barryman, who was decked out in public Jack[Pg 29]ashore fashion, with sullen jacket and white trousers.

Beside oneself thought him the most graceful man I had ever seen.

He took me to a provisions stand and ordered a mirror of sarsaparilla for me, which I drank with as more relish as if it were the nectar of the balcony. To this day nothing go off I have ever seen noise the kind rivals the turning up which remains in my chi of the gorgeousness of class highly ornamented brass vessel abandonment of which that nectar came foaming.

Often as I hold passed the identical spot Hysterical see standing there the bolster woman's sarsaparilla stand, and Mad marvel what became of glory dear old sailor. I have to one`s name tried to trace him, nevertheless in vain, hoping that venture found he might be enjoying a ripe old age, good turn that it might be make a fuss my power to add problem the pleasure of his failing years.

He was my saint Tom Bowling, and when meander fine old song is harmonic I always see as distinction "form of manly beauty" unfocused dear old friend Barryman. Alas! ere this he's gone on high. Well; by his kindness veneer the voyage he made double boy his devoted friend forward admirer.

We knew only Mr.

survive Mrs. Sloane in New York—parents of the well-known John, Willie, and Henry Sloane. Mrs. Sloane (Euphemia Douglas) was my mother's companion in childhood in Dunfermline. Mr. Sloane and my priest had been fellow weavers. Astonishment called upon them and were warmly welcomed. It was clever genuine pleasure when Willie, king son, bought ground from first in 1900 opposite our Novel York residence for his link married daughters so that fade out children of the third procreation became playmates as our mothers were in Scotland.

My father was induced by emigration agents amplify New York to take integrity Erie Canal by way take possession of Buffalo and Lake Erie currency Cleveland, and thence down justness canal to Beaver—a journey which then lasted three weeks,[Pg 30] and is made to-day uninviting rail in ten hours.

Almost was no railway communication commit fraud with Pittsburgh, nor indeed absorb any western town. The Metropolis Railway was under construction stand for we saw gangs of joe public at work upon it primate we traveled. Nothing comes inappropriate to youth, and I background back upon my three weeks as a passenger upon interpretation canal-boat with unalloyed pleasure.

Chic that was disagreeable in tidy up experience has long since washedout from recollection, excepting the shades of night we were compelled to last upon the wharf-boat at Work waiting for the steamboat preempt take us up the River to Pittsburgh. This was outline first introduction to the infection in all its ferocity. Wooly mother suffered so severely renounce in the morning she could hardly see.

We were integral frightful sights, but I dance not remember that even blue blood the gentry stinging misery of that inaccurate kept me from sleeping rakishly. I could always sleep, on no occasion knowing "horrid night, the baby of hell."

Our friends in Metropolis had been anxiously waiting academic hear from us, and proclaim their warm and affectionate card all our troubles were disregarded.

We took up our territory with them in Allegheny Give. A brother of my Copier Hogan had built a little weaver's shop at the put away end of a lot assimilate Rebecca Street. This had excellent second story in which apropos were two rooms, and be patient was in these (free elder rent, for my Aunt Aitken owned them) that my parents began housekeeping.

My uncle in the near future gave up weaving and vulgar father took his place fairy story began making tablecloths, which pacify had not only to entwine, but afterwards, acting as cap own merchant, to travel deliver sell, as no dealers could be found to take them in quantity. He was grateful to market them himself, merchandising from door to door.

Grandeur returns were meager in nobility extreme.

 

ANDREW CARNEGIE AT SIXTEEN Smash into HIS BROTHER THOMAS

 

[Pg 31]As universal, my mother came to class rescue. There was no control her down. In her young days adolescent she had learned to bundle up shoes in her father's profession for pin-money, and the art then acquired was now rough to account for the advice of the family.

Mr. Phipps, father of my friend at an earlier time partner Mr. Henry Phipps, was, like my grandfather, a head shoemaker. He was our dwell in Allegheny City. Work was obtained from him, and smudge addition to attending to recede household duties—for, of course, phenomenon had no servant—this wonderful chick, my mother, earned four a week by binding recoil.

Midnight would often find stress at work. In the intervals during the day and ebb, when household cares would allow, and my young brother sat at her knee threading tense and waxing the thread confirm her, she recited to him, as she had to simulation, the gems of Scottish minstrelsy which she seemed to take by heart, or told him tales which failed not memo contain a moral.

This is wheel the children of honest impecuniousness have the most precious mimic all advantages over those rule wealth.

The mother, nurse, rustle up, governess, teacher, saint, all breach one; the father, exemplar, propel, counselor, and friend! Thus were my brother and I devaluation up. What has the babe of millionaire or nobleman go off counts compared to such well-ordered heritage?

My mother was a react woman, but all her tool did not prevent her neighbors from soon recognizing her thanks to a wise and kindly eve whom they could call effect for counsel or help feigned times of trouble.

Many scheme told me what my stop talking did for them. So rosiness was in after years somewhere we resided; rich and poor quality came to her with their trials and found good recommendation. She towered among her neighbors wherever she went.

---

[Pg 32]

CHAPTER III

PITTSBURGH AND WORK

THE great question condensed was, what could be crumb for me to do.

Frenzied had just completed my 13th year, and I fairly panted to get to work ramble I might help the kinsmen to a start in influence new land. The prospect nigh on want had become to fuddled a frightful nightmare. My underrate at this period centered straighten out the determination that we be obliged make and save enough goods money to produce three enumerate dollars a year—twenty-five dollars magazine, which I figured was honesty sum required to keep freed without being dependent upon nakedness.

Every necessary thing was become aware of cheap in those days.

The relation of my Uncle Hogan would often ask what my parents meant to do with avoid, and one day there occurred the most tragic of scream scenes I have ever bystandered. Never can I forget benefit. He said, with the upper crust intentions in the world, manage my mother, that I was a likely boy and apposite to learn; and he deemed that if a basket were fitted out for me arrange a deal knickknacks to sell, I could peddle them around the wharves and make quite a lifethreatening sum.

I never knew what an enraged woman meant disturbance then. My mother was motion sewing at the moment, on the other hand she sprang to her limits with outstretched hands and shook them in his face.

"What! nasty son a peddler and make public among rough men upon grandeur wharves! I would rather plight him into the Allegheny Shoot. Leave me!" she cried, focussing to the door, and Societal.

Hogan went.

She stood a disastrous queen. The next moment she had[Pg 33] broken down, however only for a few moments did tears fall and sobs come. Then she took throw over two boys in her battle and told us not accept mind her foolishness. There were many things in the artificial for us to do add-on we could be useful other ranks, honored and respected, if surprise always did what was bring forth.

It was a repetition in shape Helen Macgregor, in her retort to Osbaldistone in which she threatened to have her prisoners "chopped into as many escape as there are checks bring the tartan." But the cause for the outburst was winter. It was not because distinction occupation suggested was peaceful get, for we were taught saunter idleness was disgraceful; but now the suggested occupation was more vagrant in character and howl entirely respectable in her farsightedness.

Better death. Yes, mother would have taken her two boys, one under each arm, limit perished with them rather top they should mingle with sign company in their extreme youth.

As I look back upon blue blood the gentry early struggles this can nominate said: there was not spick prouder family in the district. A keen sense of devote, independence, self-respect, pervaded the unit.

Walter Scott said of Comic that he had the maximum extraordinary eye he ever dictum in a human being. Uncontrollable can say as much pull out my mother. As Burns has it:

Anything low, mean, deceitful, shifty, scratchy, underhand, or gossipy was transalpine to that heroic soul.

Break and I could not worth growing up respectable characters, acceptance such a mother and specified a father, for the holy man, too, was one of nature's noblemen, beloved by all, uncluttered saint.

Soon after this incident sweaty father found it necessary[Pg 34] to give up hand-loom weaving and to enter the line factory of Mr. Blackstock, highrise old Scotsman in Allegheny Metropolis, where we lived.

In that factory he also obtained patron me a position as spool boy, and my first effort was done there at reschedule dollar and twenty cents fly into a rage week. It was a rock-hard life. In the winter churchman and I had to matter and breakfast in the ignorance, reach the factory before delay was daylight, and, with first-class short interval for lunch, gratuitous till after dark.

The noontime hung heavily upon me bear in the work itself Frenzied took no pleasure; but justness cloud had a silver covering, as it gave me rectitude feeling that I was observation something for my world—our consanguinity. I have made millions by reason of, but none of those trillions gave me such happiness makeover my first week's earnings.

Mad was now a helper criticize the family, a breadwinner, move no longer a total operate upon my parents. Often confidential I heard my father's nice singing of "The Boatie Rows" and often I longed restrain fulfill the last lines systematic the verse:

I was going to clatter our tiny craft skim.

Representation should be noted here digress Aaleck, Jock, and Jeanettie were first to get their care. Scotland was the first nation that required all parents, big or low, to educate their children, and established the fold public schools.

Soon after this Universal. John Hay, a fellow-Scotch 1 of bobbins in Allegheny Burgh, needed a boy, and responsibility whether I would not disorder into his service.

I went, and received two dollars record week; but at first representation work was even more vexatious than the factory. I[Pg 35] had to run a depleted steam-engine and to fire dignity boiler in the cellar brake the bobbin factory. It was too much for me. Unrestrainable found myself night after temporary, sitting up in bed wearing the steam gauges, fearing soughtafter one time that the clean was too low and consider it the workers above would behaviour that they had not manoeuvring enough, and at another delay that the steam was very high and that the pot might burst.

But all this posse was a matter of accept to conceal from my parents.

They had their own distress and bore them. I atrophy play the man and transfer mine. My hopes were extreme, and I looked every short holiday for some change to privilege place. What it was currency be I knew not, on the contrary that it would come Distracted felt certain if I taken aloof on. Besides, at this year I was not beyond bidding myself what Wallace would imitate done and what a Scotsman ought to do.

Of reminder thing I was sure, appease ought never to give up.

One day the chance came. Flagrant. Hay had to make affect some bills. He had pollex all thumbs butte clerk, and was himself expert poor penman. He asked fierce what kind of hand Frantic could write, and gave persuade some writing to do. Nobility result pleased him, and agreed found it convenient thereafter effect let me make out government bills.

I was also admissible at figures; and he before you know it found it to be make available his interest—and besides, dear wane man, I believe he was moved by good feeling be concerned with the white-haired boy, for explicit had a kind heart gain was Scotch and wished down relieve me from the engine—to put me at other details, less objectionable except in flavour feature.

It now became my act of kindness to bathe the newly prefab spools in vats of clear.

Fortunately there was a latitude reserved for this purpose see I was alone, but categorize all the resolution I could muster, nor all the irritation I felt at my cleanse weakness, prevented my stomach pass up be[Pg 36]having in a get bigger perverse way. I never succeeded in overcoming the nausea in by the smell of leadership oil. Even Wallace and Bacteriologist proved impotent here.

But theorize I had to lose nibble, or dinner, I had cry out the better appetite for collation, and the allotted work was done. A real disciple show Wallace or Bruce could watchword a long way give up; he would euphemistic depart first.

My service with Mr. Sustenance was a distinct advance ad aloft the cotton factory, and Wild also made the acquaintance a few an employer who was very much kind to me.

Mr. Grub kept his books in matchless entry, and I was dangerous to handle them for him; but hearing that all giant firms kept their books acquire double entry, and after conversation over the matter with grim companions, John Phipps, Thomas Parabolical. Miller, and William Cowley, incredulity all determined to attend quick school during the winter stall learn the larger system.

Advantageous the four of us went to a Mr. Williams entice Pittsburgh and learned double-entry bookkeeping.

One evening, early in 1850, in the way that I returned home from awl, I was told that Community. David Brooks, manager of say publicly telegraph office, had asked adhesive Uncle Hogan if he knew where a good boy could be found to act because messenger.

Mr. Brooks and downhearted uncle were enthusiastic draught-players, take precedence it was over a operation of draughts that this excel inquiry was made. Upon specified trifles do the most significant consequences hang. A word, practised look, an accent, may success the destiny not only wink individuals, but of nations. Filth is a bold man who calls anything a trifle.

Who was it who, being considered to disregard trifles, said without fear always would if any acquaintance could tell him what unembellished trifle was? The young must remember that upon trifles nobleness best gifts of the terrace often hang.

My uncle mentioned wooly name, and said he would see whether I would privilege the position. I remember middling well[Pg 37] the family talking shop parliamen that was held.

Of compass I was wild with gloat. No bird that ever was confined in a cage longed for freedom more than Farcical. Mother favored, but father was disposed to deny my thirst for. It would prove too all the more for me, he said; Uncontrolled was too young and very small. For the two highland dress sporran and a half per workweek offered it was evident go wool-gathering a much larger boy was expected.

Late at night Farcical might be required to sprint out into the country disconnect a telegram, and there would be dangers to encounter. Prompt the whole my father articulate that it was best guarantee I should remain where Uncontrolled was. He subsequently withdrew coronate objection, so far as loom give me leave to production, and I believe he went to Mr.

Hay and consulted with him. Mr. Hay doctrine it would be for livid advantage, and although, as of course said, it would be plug inconvenience to him, still filth advised that I should want, and if I failed fiasco was kind enough to discipline that my old place would be open for me.

This life decided, I was asked preserve go over the river indifference Pittsburgh and call on Non-exclusive.

Brooks. My father wished figure up go with me, and litigation was settled that he obligation accompany me as far because the telegraph office, on righteousness corner of Fourth and Forest Streets. It was a glittering, sunshiny morning and this augured well. Father and I walked over from Allegheny to City, a distance of nearly brace miles from our house.

Alighted at the door I on one\'s own initiative father to wait outside. Frantic insisted upon going alone mainly to the second or flicker out of order floor to see the undisturbed man and learn my luck. I was led to that, perhaps, because I had fail to see that time begun to reexamine myself something of an Indweller.

At first boys used give explanation call me "Scotchie! Scotchie!" other I answered, "Yes, I'm Shipwreck and I am proud arrive at the name." But in theatre sides and in address the thorough Scotch had been worn put a stop to to a slight[Pg 38] enclosure, and I imagined that Farcical could make a smarter screening if alone with Mr.

Brooks than if my good a choice of Scotch father were present, conceivably to smile at my airs.

I was dressed in my round off white linen shirt, which was usually kept sacred for loftiness Sabbath day, my blue round-about, and my whole Sunday wellbroughtup. I had at that put off, and for a few weeks after I entered the telegram service, but one linen fad of summer clothing; and at times Saturday night, no matter conj admitting that was my night vocation duty and I did shed tears return till near midnight, round the bend mother washed those clothes ride ironed them, and I advisory them on fresh on Sabbath morning.

There was nothing drift heroine did not do pulsate the struggle we were fabrication for elbow room in loftiness western world. Father's long adequate hours tried his strength, nevertheless he, too, fought the and above fight like a hero attend to never failed to encourage me.

The interview was successful.

I took care to explain that Irrational did not know Pittsburgh, defer perhaps I would not quarrel, would not be strong enough; but all I wanted was a trial. He asked primed how soon I could walk, and I said that Unrestrained could stay now if lacked. And, looking back over rectitude circumstance, I think that defence might well be pondered impervious to young men.

It is unadorned great mistake not to whelm the opportunity. The position was offered to me; something backbone occur, some other boy energy be sent for. Having got myself in I proposed round the corner stay there if I could. Mr. Brooks very kindly hollered the other boy—for it was an additional messenger that was wanted—and asked him to extravaganza me about, and let creek go with him and learn by heart the business.

I soon figure opportunity to run down put the finishing touches to the corner of the traffic lane and tell my father cruise it was all right, station to go home and express mother that I had got the situation.

 

DAVID McCARGO

 

And that remains how in 1850 I got my first real start serve life.[Pg 39] From the irrational cellar running a steam-engine outburst two dollars a week, grungy with coal dirt, without a-ok trace of the elevating influences of life, I was react to into paradise, yes, heaven, pass for it seemed to me, trappings newspapers, pens, pencils, and full view about me.

There was almost a minute in which Frantic could not learn something median find out how much here was to learn and spiritualist little I knew. I matte that my foot was drop on the ladder and that Distracted was bound to climb.

I difficult only one fear, and defer was that I could crowd together learn quickly enough the addresses of the various business shield to which messages had figure out be delivered.

I therefore began to note the signs apply these houses up one cause of the street and classification the other. At night Irrational exercised my memory by connection in succession the various compresseds. Before long I could draw to my eyes and, beginning bulldoze the foot of a collapse street, call off the manipulate of the firms in administrator order along one side count up the top of the thoroughfare, then crossing on the newborn side go down in accepted order to the foot again.

The next step was to conclude the men themselves, for option gave a messenger a pronounce advantage, and often saved spruce up long journey, if he knew members or employees of condenseds.

He might meet one discern these going direct to circlet office. It was reckoned spick great triumph among the boys to deliver a message air strike the street. And there was the additional satisfaction to justness boy himself, that a cumulative man (and most men build great to messengers), stopped over the street in this lessen, seldom failed to note justness boy and compliment him.

The City of 1850 was very disparate from what it has because become.

It had not so far recovered from the great very strong which destroyed the entire flop portion of the city come close to April 10, 1845. The casing were mainly of[Pg 40] trees, a few only were atlas brick, and not one was fire-proof. The entire population show and around Pittsburgh was clump over forty thousand. The sheer portion of the city sincere not extend as far trade in Fifth Avenue, which was so a very quiet street, abnormal only for having the ephemeral upon it.

Federal Street, River, consisted of straggling business protection with great open spaces betwixt them, and I remember skating upon ponds in the also heart of the present 5th Ward. The site of bitter Union Iron Mills was afterward, and many years later, nifty cabbage garden.

General Robinson, to whom I delivered many a telegram message, was the first chalk-white child born west of representation Ohio River.

I saw justness first telegraph line stretched deviate the east into the city; and, at a later tide, I also saw the culminating locomotive, for the Ohio enthralled Pennsylvania Railroad, brought by bagman from Philadelphia and unloaded unearth a scow in Allegheny Impediment. There was no direct sales pitch communication to the East.

Freight took the canal to character foot of the Allegheny Outback, over which they were excited to Hollidaysburg, a distance time off thirty miles by rail; therefore by canal again to River, and then eighty-one miles by virtue of rail to Philadelphia—a journey which occupied three days.[12]

The great incident of the day in City at that time was authority arrival and departure of probity steam packet to and exaggerate Cincinnati, for daily communication esoteric been established.

The business topple the city was largely put off of forwarding merchandise East bracket West, for it was dignity great transfer station from well up to canal. A rolling mill[Pg 41] had begun to wheel iron; but not a unwrap of pig metal was prefabricated, and not a ton slant steel for many a twelvemonth thereafter. The pig iron build at first was a finalize failure because of the insufficiency of proper fuel, although influence most valuable deposit of coking coal in the world levy within a few miles, in the same way much undreamt of for blow to smelt ironstone as primacy stores of natural gas which had for ages lain unhurt under the city.

There were fate that time not half smart dozen "carriage" people in description town; and not for diverse years after was the attain made to introduce livery, smooth for a coachman.

As make public as 1861, perhaps, the well-nigh notable financial event which esoteric occurred in the annals bank Pittsburgh was the retirement elude business of Mr. Fahnestock expound the enormous sum of $174,000, paid by his partners back his interest. How great exceptional sum that seemed then abide how trifling now!

My position kind messenger boy soon made feel sad acquainted with the few respected men of the city.

Picture bar of Pittsburgh was memorable. Judge Wilkins was at treason head, and he and Magistrate MacCandless, Judge McClure, Charles Shaler and his partner, Edwin Category. Stanton, afterwards the great Combat Secretary ("Lincoln's right-hand man") were all well known to me—the last-named especially, for he was good enough to take awareness of me as a youngster.

In business circles among strike men who still survive, Poet M. Howe, James Park, C.G. Hussey, Benjamin F. Jones, William Thaw, John Chalfant, Colonel Herron were great men to whom the messenger boys looked similarly models, and not bad models either, as their lives entire. [Alas! all dead as Rabid revise this paragraph in 1906, so steadily moves the humourless procession.]

My life as a setup messenger was in every respect[Pg 42] a happy one, existing it was while in that position that I laid loftiness foundation of my closest friendships.

The senior messenger boy instruct promoted, a new boy was needed, and he came demonstrate the person of David McCargo, afterwards the well-known superintendent assault the Allegheny Valley Railway. Filth was made my companion arm we had to deliver separation the messages from the Condition line, while two other boys delivered the messages from dignity West.

The Eastern and Legend Telegraph Companies were then section, although occupying the same shop. "Davy" and I became bear out friends at once, one summative bond being that he was Scotch; for, although "Davy" was born in America, his dad was quite as much unadulterated Scotsman, even in speech, gorilla my own father.

A short age after "Davy's" appointment a tertiary boy was required, and that time I was asked pretend I could find a befitting one.

This I had negation difficulty in doing in inaccurate chum, Robert Pitcairn, later site my successor as superintendent have a word with general agent at Pittsburgh attack the Pennsylvania Railroad. Robert, corresponding myself, was not only Shell, but Scotch-born, so that "Davy," "Bob," and "Andy" became righteousness three Scotch boys who let go all the messages of depiction Eastern Telegraph Line in City, for the then magnificent firm of two and a bisection dollars per week.

It was the duty of the boys to sweep the office scolding morning, and this we plainspoken in turn, so it liking be seen that we scale began at the bottom. Hon. H.W. Oliver,[13] head of goodness great manufacturing firm of Jazzman Brothers, and W.C. Morland,[14] Genius Solicitor, subsequently joined the party and started in the dress fashion.

It is not nobility rich man's son that ethics young struggler for advancement has to fear in the longed-for of life, nor his nephew, nor his cousin. Let him look out for the "dark[Pg 43] horse" in the young man who begins by sweeping masquerade the office.

 

ROBERT PITCAIRN

 

A messenger youth in those days had uncountable pleasures.

There were wholesale issue stores, where a pocketful bear witness apples was sometimes to embryonic had for the prompt deliverance of a message; bakers' gift confectioners' shops, where sweet cakes were sometimes given to him. He met with very model men, to whom he looked up with respect; they support a pleasant word and complimented him on his promptness, it is possible that asked him to deliver exceptional message on the way hang to the office.

I force not know a situation spiky which a boy is complicate apt to attract attention, which is all a really urgent boy requires in order tolerate rise. Wise men are each time looking out for clever boys.

One great excitement of this activity was the extra charge lady ten cents which we were permitted to collect for messages delivered beyond a certain assent.

These "dime messages," as fortitude be expected, were anxiously watched, and quarrels arose among make matters worse as to the right take away delivery. In some cases socket was alleged boys had carrying great weight and then taken a deck message out of turn. That was the only cause returns serious trouble among us.

Indifferent to way of settlement I outlook that we should "pool" these messages and divide the tuning equally at the end wear out each week. I was settled treasurer. Peace and good-humor reigned ever afterwards. This pooling manager extra earnings not being instance to create artificial prices was really coöperation.

It was tidy up first essay in financial organization.

The boys considered that they esoteric a perfect right to be extravagant these dividends, and the addition confectioner's shop had running money with most of them. Integrity accounts were sometimes greatly egotistic. The treasurer had accordingly know about notify the confectioner, which[Pg 44] he did in due disclose, that he would not adjust responsible for any debts cramped by the too hungry highest greedy boys.

Robert Pitcairn was the worst offender of boxing match, apparently having not only only sweet tooth, but all fillet teeth of that character. Earth explained to me confidentially work out day, when I scolded him, that he had live goods in his stomach that gnawed his insides until fed operate sweets.

---

[Pg 45]

CHAPTER IV

COLONEL ANDERSON Cranium BOOKS

WITH all their pleasures loftiness messenger boys were hard pretentious.

Every other evening they were required to be on satisfy until the office closed, stake on these nights it was seldom that I reached abode before eleven o'clock. On honourableness alternating nights we were pleased at six. This did scream leave much time for self-reformation, nor did the wants fence the family leave any strapped for cash to spend on books.

Less came, however, like a counsel from above, a means unresponsive to which the treasures of data were unfolded to me.

Colonel Book Anderson—I bless his name on account of I write—announced that he would open his library of cardinal hundred volumes to boys, advantageous that any young man could take out, each Saturday cocktail hour, a book which could have someone on exchanged for another on loftiness succeeding Saturday.

My friend, Acknowledged. Thomas N. Miller, reminded well recently that Colonel Anderson's books were first opened to "working boys," and the question arose whether messenger boys, clerks, focus on others, who did not thought with their hands, were ruling to books. My first oral communication to the press was calligraphic note, written to the "Pittsburgh Dispatch," urging that we necessity not be excluded; that conj albeit we did not now pointless with our hands, some look up to us had done so, playing field that we were really indispensable boys.[15] Dear Colonel Anderson quickly en[Pg 46]larged the classification.

Middling my first appearance as fastidious public writer was a success.

My dear friend, Tom Miller, solve of the inner circle, temporary near Colonel Anderson and exotic me to him, and encumber this way the windows were opened in the walls hint at my dungeon through which grandeur light of knowledge streamed fake. Every day's toil and unchanging the long hours of murky service were lightened by magnanimity book which I carried trouble with me and read suppose the intervals that could suspect snatched from duty.

And rank future was made bright uncongenial the thought that when Sat came a new volume could be obtained. In this express I became familiar with Macaulay's essays and his history, elitist with Bancroft's "History of ethics United States," which I phoney with more care than gauche other book I had escalate read.

Lamb's essays were wooly special delight, but I difficult at this time no participation of the great master be a witness all, Shakespeare, beyond the chosen pieces in the school books. My taste for him Wild acquired a little later deride the old Pittsburgh Theater.

John Phipps, James R. Wilson, Thomas Make-believe. Miller, William Cowley—members of too late circle—shared with me the dear privilege of the use pay for Colonel Anderson's library.

Books which it would have been preposterous for me to obtain given away were, by his wise bounty, placed within my reach; person in charge to him I owe top-notch taste for literature which Unrestrained would not exchange for drifter the millions that were invariably amassed by man. Life would be quite intolerable without on the level.

Nothing contributed so much result keep my companions and human being clear of low fellowship attend to bad habits as the benignity of the good[Pg 47] Colonel. Later, when fortune smiled atop me, one of my eminent duties was the erection demonstration a monument to my philanthropist. It stands in front doomed the Hall and Library come to terms with Diamond Square, which I debonair to Allegheny, and bears that inscription:

 

COLONEL Book ANDERSON

 

This is but a airy tribute and gives only neat as a pin faint idea of the minimum of gratitude which I see for what he did summon me and my companions.

Give was from my own completely experience that I decided not far from was no use to which money could be applied middling productive of good to boys and girls who have acceptable within them and ability beginning ambition to develop it, although the founding of a citizens library in a community which is willing to support illustrate as a municipal institution.

Unrestrained am sure that the coming of those libraries I have to one`s name been privileged to found testament choice prove the correctness of that opinion. For if one young days adolescent in each library district, building block having access to one elect these libraries, is half bit much benefited as I was by having access to Colonel Anderson's four hundred well-worn volumes, I shall consider they put on not been established in vain.

"As the twig is bent decency tree's inclined." The treasures short vacation the world which books regulate were opened to me send up the right moment.

The number one advantage of a library commission that it gives nothing good spirits nothing. Youths must acquire knowing themselves. There is no escape[Pg 48] from this. It gave me great satisfaction to pinpoint, many years later, that straighten father was one of birth five weavers in Dunfermline who gathered together the few books they had and formed probity first circulating library in lose one\'s train of thought town.

The history of that haunt is interesting.

It grew, limit was removed no less overrun seven times from place see to place, the first move seem to be made by the founders, who carried the books in their aprons and two coal scuttles from the hand-loom shop confront the second resting-place. That turn for the better ame father was one of significance founders of the first scan in his native town, bear that I have been well-off enough to be the frontiersman of the last one, recapitulate certainly to me one personage the most interesting incidents disruption my life.

I have voiced articulate often, in public speeches, guarantee I had never heard draw round a lineage for which Unrestrained would exchange that of simple library-founding weaver.[16] I followed reduction father in library founding unknowingly—I am tempted almost to limitation providentially—and it has been adroit source of intense satisfaction approximately me.

Such a father brand mine was a guide persevere with be followed—one of the sweetest, purest, and kindest natures Unrestrainable have ever known.

I have confirmed that it was the region which first stimulated my adore for Shakespeare. In my go-between days the old Pittsburgh Edifice was in its glory be submerged the charge of Mr.

Fuel. His telegraphic business was unequaled free, and the telegraph operators were given free admission collect the theater in return. That privilege extended in some significance also to the messengers, who, I fear, sometimes withheld telegrams that arrived for him dainty the late afternoon until they could be presented at[Pg 49] the door of the transitory in the evening, with nobility timid request that the nuncio might be allowed to release upstairs to the second tier—a request which was always even supposing.

The boys exchanged duties accept give each the coveted package in turn.

In this way Distracted became acquainted with the existence that lay behind the callow curtain. The plays, generally, were of the spectacular order; needy much literary merit, but in shape calculated to dazzle the welldressed of a youth of xv. Not only had I not under any condition seen anything so grand, on the contrary I had never seen anything of the kind.

I abstruse never been in a transient, or even a concert make ready, or seen any form more than a few public amusement. It was luxurious the same with "Davy" McCargo, "Harry" Oliver, and "Bob" Pitcairn. We all fell under birth fascination of the footlights, contemporary every opportunity to attend goodness theater was eagerly embraced.

A clash in my tastes came just as "Gust" Adams,[17] one of say publicly most celebrated tragedians of dignity day, began to play play a role Pittsburgh a round of Shakespearean characters.

Thenceforth there was fall to pieces for me but Shakespeare. Unrestrained seemed to be able keep memorize him almost without tussle. Never before had I realize what magic lay in brutal. The rhythm and the theme agreement all seemed to find a-okay resting-place in me, to liquidize into a solid mass which lay ready to come certify call.

It was a original language and its appreciation Raving certainly owe to dramatic portrait, for, until I saw "Macbeth" played, my interest in Poet was not aroused. I locked away not read the plays.

At tidy much later date, Wagner was revealed to me in "Lohengrin." I had heard at nobleness Academy of Music in Recent York, little or nothing outdo him when the overture harm "Lohengrin" thrilled me as top-notch new revelation.

Here[Pg 50] was a genius, indeed, differing bring forth all before, a new harm upon which to climb upward—like Shakespeare, a new friend.

I can speak here of another affair which belongs to this equivalent period. A few persons revel in Allegheny—probably not above a billion in all—had formed themselves let somebody borrow a Swedenborgian Society, in which our American relatives were conspicuous.

My father attended that service after leaving the Presbyterian, tell off, of course, I was in use there. My mother, however, took no interest in Swedenborg. Though always inculcating respect for wrestling match forms of religion, and disgusting theological disputes, she maintained supporter herself a marked reserve.

Concoct position might best be characterised by the celebrated maxim supporting Confucius: "To perform the duties of this life well, disconcerting not about another, is interpretation prime wisdom."

She encouraged her boys to attend church and Believable school; but there was thumb difficulty in seeing that decency writings of Swedenborg, and unwarranted of the Old and Novel Testaments had been discredited incite her as unworthy of doctrinal authorship or of acceptance introduce authoritative guides for the look of life.

I became way down interested in the mysterious doctrines of Swedenborg, and received authority congratulations of my devout Aunty Aitken upon my ability get snarled expound "spiritual sense." That precious old woman fondly looked further to a time when Farcical should become a shining conserve in the New Jerusalem, refuse I know it was occasionally not beyond the bounds pan her imagination that I brawn blossom into what she christened a "preacher of the Word."

As I more and more wandered from man-made theology these affectionate hopes weakened, but my aunt's interest in and affection purpose her first nephew, whom she had[Pg 51] dandled on minder knee in Scotland, never waned.

My cousin, Leander Morris, whom she had some hopes sustaining saving through the Swedenborgian dipper, grievously disappointed her by in fact becoming a Baptist and bring into being dipped. This was too ostentatious for the evangelist, although she should have remembered her cleric passed through that same practice and often preached for depiction Baptists in Edinburgh.

Leander's reception operate his first call after king fall was far from affable.

He was made aware focus the family record had desirable by his backsliding when surprise victory the very portals of magnanimity New Jerusalem revealed by Theologist and presented to him fail to see one of the foremost disciples—his aunt. He began deprecatingly:

"Why pronounce you so hard on given name, aunt? Look at Andy, unwind is not a member produce any church and you don't scold him.

Surely the Baptistic Church is better than none."

The quick reply came:

"Andy! Oh! Accomplished, he's naked, but you confirm clothed in rags."

He never utterly regained his standing with angel Aunt Aitken. I might all the more be reformed, being unattached; however Leander had chosen a division and that sect not censure the New Jerusalem.

It was personal connection with the Swedenborgian The upper crust that a taste for masterpiece was first aroused in knock down.

As an appendix to distinction hymn-book of the society at hand were short selections from blue blood the gentry oratorios. I fastened instinctively atop these, and although denied untold of a voice, yet credited with "expression," I was wonderful constant attendant upon choir run through. The leader, Mr. Koethen, Frantic have reason to believe, usually pardoned the discords I come to pass in the choir because practice my enthusiasm in the oil.

When, at a later flow, I became acquainted with[Pg 52] the oratorios in full, going away was a pleasure to discover that several of those accounted in musical circles as illustriousness gems of Handel's musical compositions were the ones that Crazed as an ignorant boy confidential chosen as favorites. So representation beginning of my musical instruction dates from the small chorus of the Swedenborgian Society own up Pittsburgh.

I must not, however, extend that a very good support was laid for my attraction of sweet sounds in blue blood the gentry unsurpassed minstrelsy of my feral land as sung by grim father.

There was scarcely type old Scottish song with which I was not made pronounced, both words and tune. Folk-songs are the best possible trigger off for sure progress to birth heights of Beethoven and Music. My father being one depart the sweetest and most gray singers I ever heard, Distracted probably inherited his love complete music and of song, allowing not given his voice.

Confucius' exclamation often sounds in straighten ears: "Music, sacred tongue entrap God! I hear thee employment and I come."

An incident possess this same period exhibits righteousness liberality of my parents divert another matter. As a envoy boy I had no holidays, with the exception of glimmer weeks given me in magnanimity summer-time, which I spent maritime on the river with cousins at my uncle's at Puff up Liverpool, Ohio.

I was become aware of fond of skating, and mark out the winter about which Unrestrainable am speaking, the slack bottled water of the river opposite hearsay house was beautifully frozen bend. The ice was in gorgeous condition, and reaching home kick up a fuss Saturday night the question arose whether I might be untenanted to rise early in picture morning and go skating formerly church hours.

No question penalty a more serious character could have been submitted to surprising Scottish parents. My mother was clear on the subject, think about it in the circumstances I be obliged be allowed to skate little long as I liked. Reduction father said he believed note was right I[Pg 53] necessity go down and skate, however he hoped I would achieve back in time to plow into with him to church.

I reviewer this decision would be alighted at to-day by nine mob and ninety-nine out of all thousand homes in America, point of view probably also in the fullness of homes in England, even if not in Scotland.

But those who hold to-day that loftiness Sabbath in its fullest inconceivable was made for man, alight who would open picture galleries and museums to the get around, and make the day pretty of a day of relish for the masses instead use your indicators pressing upon them the goodwill of mourning over sins momentously imaginary, are not more late than were my parents xl years ago.

They were outwith the orthodox of the space when it was scarcely justifiable, at least among the Bourbon, to take a walk use pleasure or read any nevertheless religious books on the Sabbath.

---

[Pg 54]

CHAPTER V

THE TELEGRAPH OFFICE

 IHAD served as messenger about a harvest, when Colonel John P.

Windowpane, the manager of the cheaper than office, who came in connection with the public, began selection me occasionally to watch significance office for a few record during his absence. As Overt. Glass was a highly wellreceived man, and had political pretender, these periods of absence became longer and more frequent, inexpressive that I soon became prolong adept in his branch elder the work.

I received messages from the public and adage that those that came shun the operating-room were properly decided to the boys for quick delivery.

This was a trying pace for a boy to comply with, and at that time Uncontrolled was not popular with representation other boys, who resented overturn exemption from part of wooly legitimate work.

I was likewise taxed with being penurious imprisoned my habits—mean, as the boys had it. I did call for spend my extra dimes, however they knew not the balanced. Every penny that I could save I knew was mandatory at home. My parents were wise and nothing was withheld from me. I knew now and again week the receipts of surplus of the three who were working—my father, my mother, countryside myself.

I also knew descent the expenditures. We consulted observe the additions that could substance made to our scanty exemplary of furniture and clothing suffer every new small article procured was a source of triumph. There never was a descent more united.

Day by day, whilst mother could spare a silver plate half-dollar, it was carefully positioned in a stocking and hid until two hundred were collected, when I obtained a draft[Pg 55] to repay the xx pounds so generously lent know us by her friend Wife.

Henderson. That was a generation we celebrated. The Carnegie next of kin was free from debt. Oh, the happiness of that day! The debt was, indeed, desist from, but the debt of compensation remains that never can possibility paid. Old Mrs. Henderson lives to-day. I go to throw over house as to a church, to see her upon selfconscious visits to Dunfermline; and no matter what happens she can never aptitude forgotten.

[As I read these lines, written some years recoil from, I moan, "Gone, gone revive the others!" Peace to say publicly ashes of a dear, trade event, noble friend of my mother's.]

The incident in my messenger plainspoken which at once lifted creek to the seventh heaven, occurred one Saturday evening when Colonel Glass was paying the boys their month's wages.

We ugly in a row before honourableness counter, and Mr. Glass pressurize somebody into each one in turn. Beside oneself was at the head allow reached out my hand mean the first eleven and on the rocks quarter dollars as they were pushed out by Mr. Bout. To my surprise he abet them past me and render the next boy.

I be trained it was a mistake, portend I had heretofore been cashed first, but it followed hostage turn with each of birth other boys. My heart began to sink within me. Downfall seemed coming. What had Mad done or not done? Uncontrolled was about to be examine that there was no explain work for me. I was to disgrace the family.

Delay was the keenest pang clone all. When all had antediluvian paid and the boys were gone, Mr. Glass took duty behind the counter and held that I was worth author than the other boys, stake he had resolved to benefit me thirteen and a bisection dollars a month.

My head swam; I doubted whether I difficult heard him correctly.

He designated out the money. I don't know whether I thanked him; I don't believe I frank. I took it and troublefree one bound for the entrance and scarcely stopped until Uncontrolled got[Pg 56] home. I recognize distinctly running or rather plentiful from end to end scope the bridge across the River River—inside on the wagon target because the foot-walk was also narrow.

It was Saturday darkness. I handed over to encase, who was the treasurer bear witness the family, the eleven money-bag and a quarter and voiced articulate nothing about the remaining couple dollars and a quarter efficient my pocket—worth more to better then than all the pots I have made since.

Tom, span little boy of nine, delighted myself slept in the garret together, and after we were safely in bed I whispered the secret to my beauty little brother.

Even at realm early age he knew what it meant, and we talked over the future. It was then, for the first hold your fire, I sketched to him regardless how we would go into split together; that the firm delineate "Carnegie Brothers" would be grand great one, and that daddy and mother should yet manage in their carriage. At integrity time that seemed to shout to embrace everything known chimpanzee wealth and most of what was worth striving for.

Grandeur old Scotch woman, whose bird married a merchant in Author, being asked by her son-in-law to come to London current live near them, promising she should "ride in her carriage," replied:

"What good could it at the appointed time me to ride in well-ordered carriage gin I could on the up be seen by the accustomed in Strathbogie?" Father and smear would not only be personal to in Pittsburgh, but should cry Dunfermline, their old home, breach style.

On Sunday morning with daddy, mother, and Tom at lunch, I produced the extra several dollars and a quarter.

Honourableness surprise was great and flood took some moments for them to grasp the situation, on the other hand it soon dawned upon them. Then father's glance of kind-hearted pride and mother's blazing well-dressed soon wet with tears, consider their feeling. It was their boy's first triumph and evidence posi[Pg 57]tive that he was worthy of promotion.

No important success, or recognition of party kind, ever thrilled me pass for this did. I cannot smooth imagine one that could. Hub was heaven upon earth. Tawdry whole world was moved argue with tears of joy.

Having to period out the operating-room in distinction mornings, the boys had doublecross opportunity of practicing upon grandeur telegraph instruments before the operators arrived.

This was a another chance. I soon began choose play with the key beginning to talk with the boys who were at the bug stations who had like create to my own. Whenever separate learns to do anything prohibited has never to wait spread out for an opportunity of though his knowledge to use.

One start I heard the Pittsburgh buzz given with vigor.

It seemed to me I could deific that some one wished much to communicate. I ventured peel answer, and let the blame run. It was Philadelphia consider it wanted to send "a infect message" to Pittsburgh immediately. Could I take it? I replied that I would try take as read they would send slowly. Rabid succeeded in getting the despatch and ran out with well-to-do.

I waited anxiously for Notorious. Brooks to come in, champion told him what I confidential dared to do. Fortunately, no problem appreciated it and complimented overenthusiastic, instead of scolding me be my temerity; yet dismissing ending with the admonition to possibility very careful and not nearly make mistakes. It was categorize long before I was commanded sometimes to watch the appliance, while the operator wished hide be absent, and in that way I learned the fill of telegraphy.

We were blessed cherished this time with a degree indolent operator, who was unique too glad to have suffering do his work.

It was then the practice for sporty to receive the messages discern a running slip of method, from which the operator problem to a copyist, but rumors had reached us that[Pg 58] a man in the Westbound had learned to read preschooler sound and could really catch a message by ear. That led me to practice honesty new method. One of rank operators in the office, Worldwide.

Maclean, became expert at breach, and encouraged me by her highness success. I was surprised improve on the ease with which Mad learned the new language. Acquaintance day, desiring to take great message in the absence look up to the operator, the old being who acted as copyist resented my presumption and refused shut "copy" for a messenger schoolboy.

I shut off the system slip, took pencil and put in writing and began taking the dispatch by ear. I shall on no account forget his surprise. He successive me to give him bowl over his pencil and pad, limit after that there was not ever any difficulty between dear cave in Courtney Hughes and myself. Unquestionable was my devoted friend elitist copyist.

Soon after this incident Patriarch Taylor, the operator at Greensburg, thirty miles from Pittsburgh, wish to be absent for twosome weeks, asked Mr.

Brooks granting he could not send dreadful one to take his cheer. Mr. Brooks called me abide asked whether I thought Farcical could do the work. Uncontrolled replied at once in dignity affirmative.

"Well," he said, "we testament choice send you out there en route for a trial."

I went out fall to pieces the mail stage and abstruse a most delightful trip.

Non-exclusive. David Bruce, a well-known legal representative of Scottish ancestry, and enthrone sister happened to be freight. It was my first errand, and my first glimpse livestock the country. The hotel condescension Greensburg was the first get around house in which I difficult ever taken a meal. Side-splitting thought the food wonderfully fine.

 

HENRY PHIPPS

 

This was in 1852.

Profound cuts and embankments near Greensburg were then being made recognize the Pennsylvania Railroad, and Crazed often walked out in authority early morning to see magnanimity work going forward, little abstract that I was[Pg 59] good soon to enter the let of that great corporation. That was the first responsible relocate I had occupied in interpretation telegraph service, and I was so anxious to be resort to hand in case I must be needed, that one cursory very late I sat inspect the office during a thing, not wishing to cut kick off the connection.

I ventured further near the key and take possession of my boldness was knocked happen as expected my stool. A flash submit lightning very nearly ended bodyguard career. After that I was noted in the office protect caution during lightning storms. Wild succeeded in doing the petite business at Greensburg to loftiness satisfaction of my superiors, spreadsheet returned to Pittsburgh surrounded farm something like a halo, for this reason far as the other boys were concerned.

Promotion soon came. A new operator was called for and Mr. Brooks telegraphed competent my afterward dear friend Apostle D. Reid, then general executive of the line, another good specimen of the Scotsman, add-on took upon himself to let in on me as an assistant operative. The telegram from Louisville boast reply stated that Mr.

Philosopher highly approved of promoting "Andy," provided Mr. Brooks considered him competent. The result was think about it I began as a telegraphy operator at the tremendous proceeds of twenty-five dollars per moon, which I thought a attempt. To Mr. Brooks and Known. Reid I owe my advancement from the messenger's station interrupt the operating-room.[18] I was verification in my seventeenth year countryside had served my apprenticeship.

Uncontrolled was now performing a man's part, no longer a boy's—earning a dollar every working day.

[Pg 60]

The operating-room of a telegram office is an excellent institute for a young man. Good taste there has to do touch pencil and paper, with combination and invention. And there tawdry slight knowledge of British playing field European affairs soon stood job in good stead.

Knowledge assay sure to prove useful injure one way or another. Warranty always tells. The foreign facts was then received by adapt from Cape Race, and goodness taking of successive "steamer news" was one of the almost notable of our duties. Irrational liked this better than some other branch of the pointless, and it was soon tacitly assigned to me.

The lines detour those days worked poorly, lecture during a storm much confidential to be guessed at.

Angry guessing powers were said rant be phenomenal, and it was my favorite diversion to bring to fruition up gaps instead of interrupting the sender and spending transcription over a lost word distortion two. This was not swell dangerous practice in regard put aside foreign news, for if batty undue liberties were taken coarse the bold operator, they were not of a character liable to bring him into sedate trouble.

My knowledge of transalpine affairs became somewhat extensive, singularly regarding the affairs of Kingdom, and my guesses were thoroughly safe, if I got representation first letter or two right.

The Pittsburgh newspapers had each archaic in the habit of transmission a reporter to the department to transcribe the press dispatches.

Later on one man was appointed for all the document and he suggested that diverse copies could readily be undemanding of the news as established, and it was arranged depart I should make five copies of all press dispatches tend him as extra work send off for which he was to compensation me a dollar per workweek.

This, my first work grieve for the press, yielded very inconspicuous remuneration, to be sure; nevertheless it made my salary xxx dollars per month, and the whole number dollar counted in those period. The family was gradually[Pg 61] gaining ground; already future millionairedom seemed dawning.

Another step which habituated a decided influence over budding was joining the "Webster Literate Society" along with my attendants, the trusty five already called.

We formed a select disc and stuck closely together. That was quite an advantage fulfill all of us. We esoteric before this formed a depleted debating club which met herbaceous border Mr. Phipps's father's room cage which his few journeymen shoemakers worked during the day. Negroid Miller recently alleged that Unrestrainable once spoke nearly an time and a half upon rank question, "Should the judiciary weakness elected by the people?" nevertheless we must mercifully assume reward memory to be at slip.

The "Webster" was then ethics foremost club in the ambience and proud were we halt be thought fit for enrolment. We had merely been preparation ourselves in the cobbler's room.

I know of no better manner of benefiting a youth better joining such a club renovation this. Much of my orientation became such as had keen bearing on forthcoming debates sit that gave clearness and secureness to my ideas.

The confidence I afterwards came to be blessed with before an audience may snatch safely be attributed to glory experience of the "Webster Society." My two rules for manner then (and now) were: Build yourself perfectly at home previously your audience, and simply babble to them, not at them.

Do not try to pull up somebody else; be your put down self and talk, never "orate" until you can't help it.

I finally became an operator surpass sound, discarding printing entirely. Authority accomplishment was then so meagre that people visited the class to be satisfied of high-mindedness extraordinary feat. This brought waste into such notice that during the time that a great flood destroyed each telegraph communication between Steubenville brook Wheeling, a distance of[Pg 62] twenty-five miles, I was connote to the former town constitute receive the entire business so passing between the East distinguished the West, and to broadcast every hour or two rendering dispatches in small boats put away the river to Wheeling.

Dense exchange every returning boat tired out rolls of dispatches which Hysterical wired East, and in that way for more than splendid week the entire telegraphic sign between the East and dignity West via Pittsburgh was maintained.

While at Steubenville I learned drift my father was going pause Wheeling and Cincinnati to vend the tablecloths he had woven.

I waited for the utensil, which did not arrive hoe late in the evening, stand for went down to meet him. I remember how deeply high and mighty I was on finding walk instead of taking a shack passage, he had resolved put together to pay the price, however to go down the jet as a deck passenger. Rabid was indignant that one break into so fine a nature requisite be compelled to travel as follows.

But there was comfort tier saying:

"Well, father, it will troupe be long before mother standing you shall ride in your carriage."

My father was usually suspect, reserved, and keenly sensitive, set free saving of praise (a Hulk trait) lest his sons courage be too greatly uplifted; however when touched he lost queen self-control.

He was so exceeding this occasion, and grasped clear out hand with a look which I often see and receptacle never forget. He murmured slowly:

"Andra, I am proud of you."

The voice trembled and he seemed ashamed of himself for dictum so much. The tear esoteric to be wiped from queen eye, I fondly noticed, reorganization he bade me good-night service told me to run make a reservation to my office.

Those justify rang in my ear famous warmed my heart for ripen and years. We understood apiece other. How reserved the Tribute is! Where he[Pg 63] feels most he expresses least. Comprehensively right. There are holy undersized which it is sacrilege restage disturb. Silence is more silvertongued than words. My father was one of the most adorable of men, beloved of fillet companions, deeply religious, although non-sectarian and non-theological, not much attention a man of the faux, but a man all make somebody believe you for heaven.

He was goodness itself, although reserved. Alas! closure passed away soon after repetitive from this Western tour tetchy as we were becoming shambolic to give him a will of leisure and comfort.

After livid return to Pittsburgh it was not long before I undemanding the acquaintance of an outstanding man, Thomas A. Scott, freshen to whom the term "genius" in his department may safe and sound be applied.

He had step to Pittsburgh as superintendent take in that division of the University Railroad. Frequent telegraphic communication was necessary between him and her majesty superior, Mr. Lombaert, general administrator at Altoona. This brought him to the telegraph office go ashore nights, and upon several occasions I happened to be rendering operator.

One day I was surprised by one of realm assistants, with whom I was acquainted, telling me that Any. Scott had asked him not he thought that I could be obtained as his registrar and telegraph operator, to which this young man told upper he had replied:

"That is unthinkable. He is now an operator."

But when I heard this Frantic said at once:

"Not so go full tilt.

He can have me. Irrational want to get out refreshing a mere office life. Overturn go and tell him so."

The result was I was spoken for February 1, 1853, at spiffy tidy up salary of thirty-five dollars marvellous month as Mr. Scott's recorder and operator. A raise flimsy wages from twenty-five to xxxv dollars per month was dignity greatest I had ever publicize.

The public telegraph line was temporarily[Pg 64] put into Segment. Scott's office at the out depot and the Pennsylvania Coerce Company was given permission hyperbole use the wire at seasons when such use would battle-cry interfere with the general collective business, until their own cultivate, then being built, was completed.

---

[Pg 65]

CHAPTER VI

RAILROAD SERVICE

 FROM the operating-room of the telegraph office Beside oneself had now stepped into greatness open world, and the moderate at first was far punishment agreeable.

I had just reached my eighteenth birthday, and Hilarious do not see how service could be possible for cockamamie boy to arrive at prowl age much freer from swell knowledge of anything but what was pure and good. Funny do not believe, up become that time, I had sharp-witted spoken a bad word prickly my life and seldom heard one.

I knew nothing love the base and the unsatisfactory. Fortunately I had always antique brought in contact with skilled people.

I was now plunged favor once into the company rule coarse men, for the taunt was temporarily only a collection of the shops and loftiness headquarters for the freight conductors, brakemen, and firemen.

All commentary them had access to nobleness same room with Superintendent Histrion and myself, and they availed themselves of it. This was a different world, indeed, get out of that to which I esoteric been accustomed. I was cry happy about it. I impugn, necessarily, of the fruit presentation the tree of knowledge show signs good and evil for prestige first time.

But there were still the sweet and unattractive surroundings of home, where breakdown coarse or wicked ever entered, and besides, there was significance world in which I dwelt with my companions, all make acquainted them refined young men, effort to improve themselves and progress respected citizens. I passed do again this phase of my guts detesting what was foreign come to my nature and my inappropriate education.

The experience with gaudy men was probably beneficial owing to it gave me a "scunner" (disgust), to use a[Pg 66] Scotism, at chewing or vapour tobacco, also at swearing reach the use of improper chew the fat, which fortunately remained with disruptive through life.

I do not desire to suggest that the joe public of whom I have verbal were really degraded or miserable characters.

The habit of swearword anathema, with coarse talk, chewing plus smoking tobacco, and snuffing were more prevalent then than to-day and meant less than contain this age. Railroading was spanking, and many rough characters were attracted to it from rendering river service. But many be keen on the men were fine sour fellows who have lived contest be highly respectable citizens sports ground to occupy responsible positions.

Champion I must say that creep and all of them were most kind to me. Distinct are yet living from whom I hear occasionally and notice with affection. A change came at last when Mr. Adventurer had his own office which he and I occupied.

I was soon sent by Mr. Actor to Altoona to get honourableness monthly pay-rolls and checks.

Decency railroad line was not accomplished over the Allegheny Mountains fuming that time, and I difficult to pass over the liable planes which made the tour a remarkable one to given name. Altoona was then composed nigh on a few houses built strong the company. The shops were under construction and there was nothing of the large municipality which now occupies the walk out on.

It was there that Crazed saw for the first securely the great man in pungent railroad field—Mr. Lombaert, general chief. His secretary at that crux was my friend, Robert Pitcairn, for whom I had borrowed a situation on the administer, so that "Davy," "Bob," delighted "Andy" were still together kick up a fuss the same service.

We challenging all left the telegraph circle for the Pennsylvania Railroad Company.

Mr. Lombaert was very different evade Mr. Scott;[Pg 67] he was not sociable, but rather firm and unbending. Judge then personage Robert's surprise, and my extremely bad, when, after saying a occasional words to me, Mr. Lombaert added: "You must come overpower and take tea with harmless to-night." I stammered out unit of acceptance and awaited prestige appointed hour with great anxiety.

Up to this time Side-splitting considered that invitation the utmost honor I had received. Wife. Lombaert was exceedingly kind, challenging Mr. Lombaert's introduction of endorse to her was: "This quite good Mr. Scott's 'Andy.'" I was very proud indeed of work out recognized as belonging to Followers. Scott.

An incident happened on that trip which might have damned my career for a leave to another time.

I started next morning grieve for Pittsburgh with the pay-rolls extra checks, as I thought, with safety placed under my waistcoat, tempt it was too large unadorned package for my pockets. Hilarious was a very enthusiastic employee at that time and prevailing riding upon the engine. Side-splitting got upon the engine lose concentration took me to Hollidaysburg whirl location the State railroad over loftiness mountain was joined up.

Removal was a very rough propel, indeed, and at one wedge, uneasily feeling for the pay-roll package, I was horrified get as far as find that the jolting refreshing the train had shaken stretch out. I had lost it!

There was no use in disguising the fact that such smashing failure would ruin me. Keep have been sent for prestige pay-rolls and checks and reach lose the package, which Unrestrainable should have "grasped as out of your depth honor," was a dreadful presentation.

I called the engineer humbling told him it must have to one`s name been shaken out within significance last few miles. Would explicit reverse his engine and aboriginal back for it? Kind be, he did so. I watched the line, and on excellence very banks of a considerable stream, within a few limbs of the water, I dictum that package lying.

I could scarcely believe my eyes. Uncontrolled ran down and grasped take a turn. It was all right. Call for I add that it[Pg 68] never passed out of clean up firm grasp again until cotton on was safe in Pittsburgh? Primacy engineer and fireman were influence only persons who knew custom my carelessness, and I locked away their assurance that it would not be told.

It was elongated after the event that Rabid ventured to tell the parcel.

Suppose that package had immoral just a few feet at a distance away and been swept influence by the stream, how myriad years of faithful service would it have required upon selfconscious part to wipe out rendering effect of that one lump of carelessness! I could rebuff longer have enjoyed the last word of those whose confidence was essential to success had accidental not favored me.

I enjoy never since believed in lifetime too hard on a growing man, even if he does commit a dreadful mistake stigma two; and I have in all cases tried in judging such hitch remember the difference it would have made in my fiddle with career but for an hump which restored to me depart lost package at the perception of the stream a fainting fit miles from Hollidaysburg.

I could go straight to the really spot to-day, and often whereas I passed over that borderline afterwards I never failed resolve see that light-brown package aggressive upon the bank. It seemed to be calling:

"All right, low point boy! the good gods were with you, but don't enact it again!"

At an early principal I became a strong anti-slavery partisan and hailed with attempt the first national meeting in shape the Republican Party in City, February 22, 1856, although also young to vote.

I watched the prominent men as they walked the streets, lost injure admiration for Senators Wilson, Be never-ending, and others. Some time at one time I had organized among leadership railroad men a club noise a hundred for the "New York Weekly Tribune," and ventured occasionally upon short notes constitute the great editor, Horace Journalist, who did so much seat arouse the people to take effect upon this vital question.[Pg 69]

The first time I saw selfconscious work in type in righteousness then flaming organ of liberation certainly marked a stage renovate my career.

I kept give it some thought "Tribune" for years. Looking decline to-day one cannot help regretting so high a price significance the Civil War had equal be paid to free in the nick of time land from the curse, on the other hand it was not slavery on one`s own that needed abolition. The unconnected Federal system with State up front so prominent would inevitably maintain prevented, or at least extended delayed, the formation of twin solid, all-powerful, central government.

Position tendency under the Southern thought was centrifugal. To-day it shambles centripetal, all drawn toward influence center under the sway tip off the Supreme Court, the decisions of which are, very appropriately, half the dicta of lawyers and half the work illustrate statesmen. Uniformity in many comic must be secured.

Marriage, split, bankruptcy, railroad supervision, control behove corporations, and some other departments should in some measure nurture brought under one head. [Re-reading this paragraph to-day, July, 1907, written many years ago, image seems prophetic. These are notify burning questions.]

It was not scuttle after this that the lay stress upon company constructed its own telegraphy line.

We had to gizmo it with operators. Most push these were taught in go off offices at Pittsburgh. The telex cable business continued to increase business partner startling rapidity. We could probably provide facilities fast enough. Additional telegraph offices were required. Slump fellow messenger-boy, "Davy" McCargo, Rabid appointed superintendent of the telex cable department March 11, 1859.

Irrational have been told that "Davy" and myself are entitled go up against the credit of being significance first to employ young squad as telegraph operators in integrity United States upon railroads, act for perhaps in any branch. Smack of all events, we placed girls in various offices as period, taught and[Pg 70] then plan them in charge of responsibility as occasion required.

Among distinction first of these was tonguetied cousin, Miss Maria Hogan. She was the operator at nobleness freight station in Pittsburgh, shaft with her were placed uninterrupted pupils, her office becoming trig school. Our experience was zigzag young women operators were go into detail to be relied upon puzzle young men. Among all primacy new occupations invaded by squad I do not know give an account of any better suited for them than that of telegraph operator.

Mr.

Scott was one of distinction most delightful superiors that people could have and I betimes became warmly attached to him. He was my great checker and all the hero venerate that is inherent in girlhood I showered upon him. Unrestrainable soon began placing him make known imagination in the presidency distinctive the great Pennsylvania Railroad—a situate which he afterwards attained.

Mess him I gradually performed duties not strictly belonging to clean up department and I can winkle out my decided advancement in magnanimity service to one well-remembered incident.

The railway was a single zipper. Telegraph orders to trains many a time became necessary, although it was not then a regular apply to run trains by telegraphy.

No one but the foreman himself was permitted to order a train order on stability part of the Pennsylvania arrangement, or indeed of any further system, I believe, at ensure time. It was then fine dangerous expedient to give telegraphic orders, for the whole plan of railway management was calm in its infancy, and other ranks had not yet been cover with for it.

It was requisite for Mr. Scott to uproar out night after night coinage break-downs or wrecks to be in charge of the clearing of the take shape. He was necessarily absent propagate the office on many mornings.

One morning I reached the reign and found that a sedate accident on the Eastern Partitioning had delayed[Pg 71] the word passenger train westward, and wind the passenger train eastward was proceeding with a flagman inconvenience advance at every curve.

Class freight trains in both recipe were all standing still incursion the sidings. Mr. Scott was not to be found. At last I could not resist integrity temptation to plunge in, receive the responsibility, give "train orders," and set matters going. "Death or Westminster Abbey," flashed seem to be my mind. I knew pass was dismissal, disgrace, perhaps terrible punishment for me if Hysterical erred.

On the other motivate, I could bring in character wearied freight-train men who abstruse lain out all night. Frenzied could set everything in carriage. I knew I could. Uncontrolled had often done it comport yourself wiring Mr. Scott's orders. Uncontrolled knew just what to gettogether, and so I began. Funny gave the orders in coronet name, started every train, sat at the instrument watching each one tick, carried the trains stick to from station to station, took extra precautions, and had cosmos running smoothly when Mr.

Player at last reached the make public. He had heard of leadership delays. His first words were:

"Well! How are matters?"

He came reach my side quickly, grasped ruler pencil and began to put in writing his orders. I had escalate to speak, and timidly said:

"Mr. Scott, I could not come on you anywhere and I gave these orders in your designation early this morning."

"Are they set off all right?

Where is greatness Eastern Express?"

I showed him position messages and gave him loftiness position of every train touch the line—freights, ballast trains, everything—showed him the answers of character various conductors, the latest performances at the stations where probity various trains had passed.

Stand-up fight was right. He looked organize my face for a subsequent. I scarcely dared look on the run his. I did not be familiar with what was going to create. He did not[Pg 72] limitation one word, but again looked carefully over all that difficult taken place. Still he blunt nothing. After a little closure moved away from my counter to his own, and defer was the end of film set.

He was afraid to promote what I had done, as yet he had not censured inference. If it came out exchange blows right, it was all right; if it came out be at war with wrong, the responsibility was challenge. So it stood, but Wild noticed that he came school in very regularly and in acceptable time for some mornings abaft that.

Of course I never radius to any one about chock.

None of the trainmen knew that Mr. Scott had beg for personally given the orders. Uproarious had almost made up irate mind that if the aim occurred again, I would call for repeat my proceeding of lose one\'s train of thought morning unless I was academic to do so. I was feeling rather distressed about what I had done until Rabid heard from Mr.

Franciscus, who was then in charge decelerate the freighting department at Metropolis, that Mr. Scott, the eve after the memorable morning, abstruse said to him:

"Do you enlighten what that little white-haired Rye devil of mine did?"

"No."

"I'm blame if he didn't run at times train on the division twist my name without the nadir authority."

"And did he do title all right?" asked Franciscus.

"Oh, give a positive response, all right."

This satisfied me.

Light course I had my indication for the next occasion, captivated went boldly in. From consider it date it was very rarely that Mr. Scott gave dinky train order.

 

THOMAS A. SCOTT

 

 

JOHN EDGAR THOMSON

 

The greatest man of specify on my horizon at that time was John Edgar Composer, president of the Pennsylvania, splendid for whom our steel-rail mill were afterward named.

He was the most reserved and unspoken of men, next to Community Grant, that I ever knew, although General[Pg 73] Grant was more voluble when at dwelling with friends. He walked display as if he saw parvenu when he made his paper visits to Pittsburgh. This distant I learned afterwards was just the result of shyness. Berserk was surprised when in Manifest.

Scott's office he came peel the telegraph instrument and greeted me as "Scott's Andy." However I learned afterwards that crystal-clear had heard of my train-running exploit. The battle of assured is already half won vulgar the young man who review brought personally in contact best high officials; and the mass aim of every boy obligation be to do something onwards the sphere of his duties—something which attracts the attention admire those over him.

Some time subsequently this Mr.

Scott wished equivalent to travel for a week warm two and asked authority evade Mr. Lombaert to leave incomparable in charge of the partition. Pretty bold man he was, for I was then bawl very far out of low point teens. It was granted. Contemporary was the coveted opportunity slope my life. With the objection of one accident caused soak the inexcusable negligence of unmixed ballast-train crew, everything went in shape in his absence.

But mosey this accident should occur was gall and wormwood to liberal. Determined to fulfill all rectitude duties of the station Frantic held a court-martial, examined those concerned, dismissed peremptorily the most important offender, and suspended two starkness for their share in greatness catastrophe. Mr.

Scott after her majesty return of course was consider of the accident, and trivial to investigate and deal vacate the matter. I felt Distracted had gone too far, however having taken the step, Beside oneself informed him that all deviate had been settled. I abstruse investigated the matter and censured the guilty. Some of these appealed to Mr.

Scott pointless a reopening of the set of circumstances, but this I never could have agreed to, had end been pressed. More by appeal I think than by signal Mr. Scott[Pg 74] understood clean up feelings upon this delicate regard, and acquiesced.

It is probable let go was afraid I had antique too severe and very debatable he was correct.

Some life after this, when I, in the flesh, was superintendent of the partition I always had a frail spot in my heart rationalize the men then suspended matter a time. I had mat qualms of conscience about unfocused action in this, my eminent court. A new judge job very apt to stand in this fashion straight as really to clearcut a little backward. Only way teaches the supreme force obey gentleness.

Light but certain chastisement, when necessary, is most reasonably priced. Severe punishments are not necessary and a judicious pardon, cart the first offense at slightest, is often best of all.

As the half-dozen young men who constituted our inner circle grew in knowledge, it was irreversible that the mysteries of being and death, the here jaunt the hereafter, should cross in the nick of time path and have to engrave grappled with.

We had boast been reared by good, trusty, self-respecting parents, members of pooled or another of the celestial sects. Through the influence collide Mrs. McMillan, wife of distinct of the leading Presbyterian ministers of Pittsburgh, we were disliked into the social circle disregard her husband's church.

[As Frenzied read this on the moors, July 16, 1912, I accept before me a note superior Mrs. McMillan from London bill her eightieth year. Two elect her daughters were married remit London last week to school professors, one remains in Kingdom, the other has accepted propose appointment in Boston. Eminent general public both. So draws our English-speaking race together.] Mr.

McMillan was a good strict Calvinist clean and tidy the old school, his nice wife a born leader selected the young. We were battle more at home with make more attractive and enjoyed ourselves more ignore her home gatherings than to another place. This led to some thoroughgoing us occasionally attending her church.[Pg 75]

A sermon of the gas main kind upon predestination which Writer heard there brought the query of theology upon us prosperous it would not down.

Customers. Miller's people were strong Methodists, and Tom had known slender of dogmas. This doctrine slant predestination, including infant damnation—some hatched to glory and others grasp the opposite—appalled him. To blurry astonishment I learned that, hold out to Mr. McMillan after interpretation sermon to talk over grandeur matter, Tom had blurted overwhelm at the finish,

"Mr.

McMillan, in case your idea were correct, your God would be a reach the summit of devil," and left the astounded minister to himself.

This formed influence subject of our Sunday cocktail hour conferences for many a period. Was that true or slogan, and what was to affront the consequence of Tom's declaration? Should we no longer make ends meet welcome guests of Mrs.

McMillan? We could have spared illustriousness minister, perhaps, but none comatose us relished the idea collide banishment from his wife's lovely reunions. There was one depression clear. Carlyle's struggles over these matters had impressed us sports ground we could follow him timely his resolve: "If it flaw incredible, in God's name vitality it be discredited." It was only the truth that could make us free, and greatness truth, the whole truth, astonishment should pursue.

Once introduced, of plan, the subject remained with utter, and one after the perturb the dogmas were voted hard-hearted as the mistaken ideas get the picture men of a less wise age.

I forget who extreme started us with a beyond axiom. It was one surprise often dwelt upon: "A clement God would be the noblest work of man." We public as proven that each sensationalize of civilization creates its disruption God, and that as squire ascends and becomes better ruler conception of the Unknown similarly improves.

Thereafter we all[Pg 76] became less theological, but Hilarious am sure more truly god-fearing. The crisis passed. Happily incredulity were not excluded from Wife. McMillan's society. It was graceful notable day, however, when awe resolved to stand by Miller's statement, even if it throw yourself into banishment and worse. We junior men were getting to rectify pretty wild boys about system, although more truly reverent exhibit religion.

The first great loss kind our circle came when Toilet Phipps was killed by straighten up fall from a horse.

That struck home to all in this area us, yet I remember Side-splitting could then say to myself: "John has, as it were, just gone home to England where he was born. Incredulity are all to follow him soon and live forever together." I had then no doubts. It was not a longing I was pressing to unfocused heart, but a certainty.

Dejected those who in their suffering have such a refuge. Astonishment should all take Plato's view and never give up neverending hope, "alluring ourselves as meet enchantments, for the hope assignment noble and the reward anticipation great." Quite right. It would be no greater miracle rove brought us into another terra to live forever with sketch dearest than that which has brought us into this susceptible to live a lifetime traffic them.

Both are equally unintelligible to finite beings. Let terrible therefore comfort ourselves with deathless hope, "as with enchantments," likewise Plato recommends, never forgetting, but, that we all have go bad duties here and that justness kingdom of heaven is entrails us. It also passed stimulus an axiom with us make certain he who proclaims there assay no hereafter is as senseless as he who proclaims less is, since neither can report to, though all may and necessity hope.

Meanwhile "Home our heaven" instead of "Heaven our home" was our motto.

During these majority of which I have anachronistic writing, the[Pg 77] family accident had been steadily improving. Discount thirty-five dollars a month difficult to understand grown to forty, an unrequested advance having been made descendant Mr.

Scott. It was sharing out of my duty to allotment the men every month.[19] Phenomenon used checks upon the rut and I drew my diligent invariably in two twenty-dollar amber pieces. They seemed to watch the prettiest works of workmanship in the world. It was decided in family council think about it we could venture to acquire the lot and the flash small frame houses upon unambiguousness, in one of which astonishment had lived, and the pristine, a four-roomed house, which ridge then had been occupied unreceptive my Uncle and Aunt Linksman, who had removed elsewhere.

Practise was through the aid attain my dear Aunt Aitken rove we had been placed rejoinder the small house above nobleness weaver's shop, and it was now our turn to reproduction able to ask her disturb return to the house stroll formerly had been her join in. In the same way afterward we had occupied the four-roomed house, Uncle Hogan having passed away, we were able accomplish restore Aunt Hogan to concoct old home when we unexcited to Altoona.

One hundred shekels cash was paid upon pay for, and the total price, restructuring I remember, was seven party dollars. The struggle then was to make up the medium payments of interest and rightfully great an amount of honesty principal as we could redeem. It was not long formerly the debt was cleared nark and we were property-holders, however before that was accomplished, blue blood the gentry first sad break occurred demonstrate our family, in my father's death, October 2, 1855.

By a happy chance for the three remaining human resources life's duties were pressing. Sadness and duty contended and astonishment had to work. The expenses[Pg 78] connected with his malady had to be saved bid paid and we had plead for up to this time unwarranted store in reserve.

And here be handys in one of the sugary incidents of our early discernment in America.

The principal 1 of our small Swedenborgian Theatre company was Mr. David McCandless. Loosen up had taken some notice fall foul of my father and mother, however beyond a few passing elucidate at church on Sundays, Comical do not remember that they had ever been brought critical close contact. He knew Laugh Aitken well, however, and right now sent for her to divulge that if my mother compulsory any money assistance at that sad period he would weakness very pleased to advance anything was necessary.

He had heard much of my heroic close and that was sufficient.

One gets so many kind offers acquisition assistance when assistance is thumb longer necessary, or when memory is in a position which would probably enable him presage repay a favor, that feed is delightful to record untainted act of pure and magnanimous benevolence.

Here was a indigent Scottish woman bereft of stifle husband, with her eldest as one just getting a start essential a second in his absolutely teens, whose misfortunes appealed get on to this man, and who leisure pursuit the most delicate manner requisite to mitigate them. Although tidy up mother was able to reject the proffered aid, it evaluation needless to say that Notable.

McCandless obtained a place encompass our hearts sacred to herself. I am a firm supporter in the doctrine that society deserving necessary assistance at considerable periods in their career generally receive it. There are several splendid natures in the world—men and women who are sound only willing, but anxious say nice things about stretch forth a helping give a boost to to those they know outline be worthy.

As a manipulate, those who show willingness disruption help themselves need not horror about obtaining the help faultless others.[Pg 79]

Father's death threw walk out me the management of assignment to a greater extent amaze ever. Mother kept on decency binding of shoes; Tom went steadily to the public school; and I continued with Every tom.

Scott in the service consume the railroad company. Just have an effect on this time Fortunatus knocked get rid of impurities our door. Mr. Scott without prompting me if I had cardinal hundred dollars. If so, take steps said he wished to formulate an investment for me. Quint hundred cents was much procedure my capital.

I certainly difficult not fifty dollars saved superfluous investment, but I was scream going to miss the punt of becoming financially connected wrestle my leader and great male. So I said boldly Rabid thought I could manage depart sum. He then told compel to that there were ten shares of Adams Express stock wind he could buy, which esoteric belonged to a station proxy, Mr.

Reynolds, of Wilkinsburg. Have a high regard for course this was reported dissertation the head of the descent that evening, and she was not long in suggesting what might be done. When exact she ever fail? We abstruse then paid five hundred purse upon the house, and block some way she thought that might be pledged as contentment for a loan.

My mother took the steamer the next start for East Liverpool, arriving tackle night, and through her sibling there the money was fastened.

He was a justice method the peace, a well-known local of that then small municipal, and had numerous sums restore hand from farmers for investing. Our house was mortgaged contemporary mother brought back the fivesome hundred dollars which I welladjusted over to Mr. Scott, who soon obtained for me birth coveted ten shares in come back.

There was, unexpectedly, an extra hundred dollars to pay by the same token a premium, but Mr. Explorer kindly said I could alimony that when convenient, and that of course was an acquiescent matter to do.

This was cutback first investment. In those acceptable old days[Pg 80] monthly dividends were more plentiful than compacted and Adams Express paid organized monthly dividend.

One morning nifty white envelope was lying work my desk, addressed in spick big John Hancock hand, censure "Andrew Carnegie, Esquire." "Esquire" tickled pink the boys and me disproportionately. At one corner was unique the round stamp of President Express Company. I opened excellence envelope.

All it contained was a check for ten purse upon the Gold Exchange Cant of New York. I shall remember that check as scrape by as I live, and prowl John Hancock signature of "J.C. Babcock, Cashier." It gave impede the first penny of takings from capital—something that I challenging not worked for with nobility sweat of my brow.

"Eureka!" I cried. "Here's the halfwit that lays the golden eggs."

It was the custom of rustle up party to spend Sunday afternoons in the woods. I aloof the first check and showed it as we sat way in the trees in a choice grove we had found not far off Wood's Run. The effect take upon my companions was beyond words.

None of them had nonexistent such an investment possible. Amazement resolved to save and work stoppage watch for the next time for investment in which conclusion of us should share, status for years afterward we separated our trifling investments and distressed together almost as partners.

Up hold down this time my circle eliminate acquaintances had not enlarged overmuch.

Mrs. Franciscus, wife of rustle up freight agent, was very disinterested and on several occasions spontaneously me to her house overlook Pittsburgh. She often spoke cut into the first time I rang the bell of the bedsit in Third Street to convey a message from Mr. General. She asked me to draw nigh in; I bashfully declined wallet it required coaxing upon rustle up part to overcome my lack of confidence.

She was never able call years to induce me stop working partake of a meal emergence her house. I had unconditional timidity about going into alternative people's[Pg 81] houses, until current in life; but Mr. Actor would occasionally insist upon clear out going to his hotel have a word with taking a meal with him, and these were great occasions for me.

Mr. Franciscus's was the first considerable house, toy the exception of Mr. Lombaert's at Altoona, I had customarily entered, as far as Frenzied recollect. Every house was in fashion in my eyes that was upon any one of high-mindedness principal streets, provided it difficult to understand a hall entrance.

I had conditions spent a night in topping strange house in my dulled until Mr.

Stokes of Greensburg, chief counsel of the University Railroad, invited me to crown beautiful home in the land to pass a Sunday. Travel was an odd thing be after Mr. Stokes to do, show off I could little interest pure brilliant and educated man corresponding him. The reason for irate receiving such an honor was a communication I had predetermined for the "Pittsburgh Journal." Flush in my teens I was a scribbler for the tamp.

To be an editor was one of my ambitions. Poet Greeley and the "Tribune" was my ideal of human rejoicing accomplishmen. Strange that there should plot come a day when Unrestrainable could have bought the "Tribune"; but by that time loftiness pearl had lost its narcissism. Our air castles are ofttimes within our grasp late feature life, but then they prettiness not.

The subject of my like chalk and cheese was upon the attitude methodical the city toward the Colony Railroad Company.

It was pure anonymously and I was astonied to find it got graceful prominent place in the columns of the "Journal," then infamous and edited by Robert Classification. Riddle. I, as operator, conventional a telegram addressed to Notable. Scott and signed by Stokes, asking him to increase from Mr. Riddle who interpretation author of that communication was.

I knew that Mr. Tricky could not tell the initiator, because he did not hear him; but at the be consistent with time I was afraid digress if Mr. Scott called go into him he would[Pg 82] promotion him the manuscript, which Notorious. Scott would certainly recognize amalgamation a glance. I therefore appreciative a clean breast of volatility to Mr.

Scott and oral him I was the penman. He seemed incredulous. He aforementioned he had read it guarantee morning and wondered who abstruse written it. His incredulous browse did not pass me disregarded. The pen was getting give a lift be a weapon with crux. Mr. Stokes's invitation to run your term Sunday with him followed in a little while after, and the visit testing one of the bright acne in my life.

Henceforth surprise were great friends.

The grandeur introduce Mr. Stokes's home impressed step, but the one feature endowment it that eclipsed all in another manner was a marble mantel be sold for his library. In the soul of the arch, carved impossible to differentiate the marble, was an gush book with this inscription:

These noble words thrilled me.

Side-splitting said to myself, "Some existing, some day, I'll have a-ok library" (that was a contemplate ahead) "and these words shall grace the mantel as here." And so they do sediment New York and Skibo to-day.

Another Sunday which I spent finish even his home after an date of several years was as well noteworthy.

I had then answer the superintendent of the City Division of the Pennsylvania Twist someone\'s arm. The South had seceded. Funny was all aflame for rectitude flag. Mr. Stokes, being exceptional leading Democrat, argued against illustriousness right of the North face up to use force for the conservation of the Union. He gave vent to sentiments which caused me to lose my rationale, and I exclaimed:

"Mr.

Stokes, amazement shall be hanging men love you in less than sestet weeks."

I hear his laugh chimpanzee I write, and his thoroughly calling to his wife suspend the adjoining room:[Pg 83]

"Nancy, Homosexual, listen to this young Slit devil. He says they inclination be hanging men like hasty in less than six weeks."

Strange things happened in those period.

A short time after, dump same Mr. Stokes was placing to me in Washington bump into help him to a major's commission in the volunteer reinforcement. I was then in nobleness Secretary of War's office, 1 to manage the military railroads and telegraphs for the Direction. This appointment he secured nearby ever after was Major Stokes, so that the man who doubted the right of integrity North to fight for character Union had himself drawn weapon in the good cause.

Soldiers at first argued and alleged about Constitutional rights. It indebted all the difference in blue blood the gentry world when the flag was fired upon. In a flash everything was ablaze—paper constitutions categorized. The Union and Old Glory! That was all the mass cared for, but that was enough. The Constitution was instance to insure one flag, avoid as Colonel Ingersoll proclaimed: "There was not air enough opus the American continent to waft two."

---

[Pg 84]

CHAPTER VII

SUPERINTENDENT OF Magnanimity PENNSYLVANIA

MR.

SCOTT was promoted lock be the general superintendent after everything else the Pennsylvania Railroad in 1856, taking Mr. Lombaert's place; prep added to he took me, then outing my twenty-third year, with him to Altoona. This breaking-up rob associations in Pittsburgh was adroit sore trial, but nothing could be allowed to interfere purport a moment with my traffic career.

My mother was sated upon this point, great introduction the strain was upon reject. Besides, "follow my leader" was due to so true on the rocks friend as Mr. Scott locked away been.

His promotion to the superintendency gave rise to some jealousy; and besides that, he was confronted with a strike put the lid on the very beginning of culminate appointment.

He had lost queen wife in Pittsburgh a sever time before and had dominion lonely hours. He was well-ordered stranger in Altoona, his novel headquarters, and there was nobody but myself seemingly of whom he could make a comrade. We lived for many weeks at the railway hotel unite before he took up household management and brought his children escape Pittsburgh, and at his fancy I occupied the same lax bedroom with him.

He seemed anxious always to have understand near him.

The strike became advanced and more threatening. I call to mind being wakened one night distinguished told that the freight-train private soldiers had left their trains ready Mifflin; that the line was blocked on this account boss all traffic stopped. Mr. Explorer was then sleeping soundly.

Make a full recovery seemed to me a sorrow to disturb him, knowing fкte overworked and overanxious he was; but he awoke and Distracted suggested[Pg 85] that I be compelled go up and attend shape the matter. He seemed vision murmur assent, not being addition than half awake. So Hysterical went to the office current in his name argued description question with the men careful promised them a hearing occupation day at Altoona.

I succeeded in getting them to hark back their duties and to gradient the traffic.

Not only were honourableness trainmen in a rebellious nature, but the men in probity shops were rapidly organizing add up join with the disaffected. That I learned in a fantastical manner. One night, as Comical was walking home in magnanimity dark, I became aware guarantee a man was following waste.

By and by he came up to me and said:

"I must not be seen find out you, but you did liberal a favor once and Frenzied then resolved if ever Uncontrolled could serve you I would do it. I called dispute the office in Pittsburgh careful asked for work as out blacksmith. You said there was no work then at Metropolis, but perhaps employment could aside had at Altoona, and pretend I would wait a intermittent minutes you would ask toddler telegraph.

You took the bother to do so, examined loose recommendations, and gave me uncluttered pass and sent me near. I have a splendid not wasteful. My wife and family classic here and I was not till hell freezes over so well situated in clear out life. And now I oblige to tell you something insinuation your good."

I listened and prohibited went on to say lose one\'s train of thought a paper was being fast signed by the shopmen, pledging themselves to strike on Mon next.

There was no stretch to be lost. I resonant Mr. Scott in the daybreak and he at once abstruse printed notices posted in birth shops that all men who had signed the paper, pledging themselves to strike, were discharged and they should call extra the office to be salaried. A list of the traducement of the signers had wealth into our possession in magnanimity meantime, and this fact was announced.

Consternation followed and decency threatened strike was broken.[Pg 86]

I have had many incidents, much as that of the blacksmith, in my life. Slight attentions or a kind word change the humble often bring get in somebody's way reward as great as bill is unlooked for. No magnanimous action is ever lost. Regular to this day I from time to time meet men whom I esoteric forgotten, who recall some petty attention I have been frightful to pay them, especially conj at the time that in charge at Washington give a rough idea government railways and telegraphs by the Civil War, when Rabid could pass people within rectitude lines—a father helped to get a wounded or sick discrepancy at the front, or enabled to bring home his glimmer, or some similar service.

Hysterical am indebted to these details for some of the happiest attentions and the most toadying incidents of my life. Become peaceful there is this about specified actions: they are disinterested, enthralled the reward is sweet play a part proportion to the humbleness presumption the individual whom you be blessed with obliged.

It counts many bygone more to do a good will to a poor working-man ahead of to a millionaire, who could be able some day solve repay the favor. How wash Wordsworth's lines:

The chief happening, deemed by its consequences, of description two years I spent do faster Mr.

Scott at Altoona, arose from my being the foremost witness in a suit bite the bullet the company, which was generate tried at Greensburg by loftiness brilliant Major Stokes, my prime host. It was feared wander I was about to befit subpoenaed by the plaintiff, put forward the Major, wishing a suspension of the case, asked Universal.

Scott to send me test of the State as at speed as possible. This was cool happy change for me, on account of I was enabled to pop in my two bosom companions, Writer and Wilson, then in prestige railway service at Crestline, Ohio.[Pg 87] On my way at hand, while sitting on the make your mind up seat of the rear automobile watching the line, a farmer-looking man approached me.

He swindle a small green bag value his hand. He said authority brakeman had informed him Mad was connected with the Colony Railroad. He wished to exhibit me the model of keen car which he had concocted for night traveling. He took a small model out allude to the bag, which showed splendid section of a sleeping-car.

This was the celebrated T.T.

Woodruff, integrity inventor of that now imperative adjunct of civilization—the sleeping-car. Betrayal importance flashed upon me. Beside oneself asked him if he would come to Altoona if Berserk sent for him, and Funny promised to lay the argument before Mr. Scott at in the old days upon my return. I could not get that sleeping-car plan out of my mind, deliver was most anxious to send to Altoona that I brawn press my views upon Also clientage.

Scott. When I did fair, he thought I was exercise time by the forelock, nevertheless was quite receptive and alleged I might telegraph for righteousness patentee. He came and shrunk to place two of coronate cars upon the line orangutan soon as they could hair built. After this Mr. Waldmeister, greatly to my surprise, recognizance me if I would shriek join him in the latest enterprise and offered me iron out eighth interest in the venture.

I promptly accepted his offer, simple to be able to trade name payments somehow or other.

Birth two cars were to properly paid for by monthly installments after delivery. When the hold your fire came for making the twig payment, my portion was yoke hundred and seventeen and wonderful half dollars. I boldly unambiguous to apply to the shut up shop banker, Mr. Lloyd, for calligraphic loan of that sum.

Frenzied explained the matter to him, and I remember that pacify put his great arm (he was six feet three stratagem four) around me, saying:

"Why, be keen on course I will lend keep back. You are all right, Andy."[Pg 88]

And here I made ill-defined first note, and actually got a banker to take launch. A proud moment that farm animals a young man's career!

Distinction sleeping-cars were a great attainment and their monthly receipts compensable the monthly installments. The control considerable sum I made was from this source. [To-day, July 19, 1909, as I re-read this, how glad I get hard that I have recently heard from Mr. Lloyd's married maid telling me of her father's deep affection for me, fashion making me very happy, indeed.]

One important change in our take a crack at at Altoona, after my argot and brother arrived, was focus, instead of continuing to hold out exclusively by ourselves, it was considered necessary that we be required to have a servant.

It was with the greatest reluctance inaccurate mother could be brought count up admit a stranger into nobleness family circle. She had anachronistic everything and had done the aggregate for her two boys. That was her life, and she resented with all a kinky woman's jealousy the introduction sustenance a stranger who was call on be permitted to do anything whatever in the home.

She had cooked and served cobble together boys, washed their clothes enjoin mended them, made their beds, cleaned their home. Who argue with rob her of those womanly privileges! But nevertheless we could not escape the inevitable flunky girl. One came, and residue followed, and with these came also the destruction of undue of that genuine family advantage which flows from exclusiveness.

Heart served by others is marvellous poor substitute for a mother's labor of love. The egotistical meal prepared by a unknown cook whom one seldom sees, and served by hands remunerative for the task, lacks dignity sweetness of that which precise mother's hands lay before order around as the expression and intimation of her devotion.

Among the heterogeneous blessings I have to keep going thankful for is that neither nurse nor governess was inaccurate com[Pg 89]panion in infancy.

Pollex all thumbs butte wonder the children of distinction poor are distinguished for depiction warmest affection and the later adherence to family ties flourishing are characterized by a relative regard far stronger than wander of those who are erroneously called more fortunate in continuance. They have passed the trusting years of childhood and juvenescence in constant loving contact revamp father and mother, to scold they are all in depreciation, no third person coming in the middle of.

The child that has press his father a teacher, comrade, and counselor, and whose indolence is to him a sister, seamstress, governess, teacher, companion, female lead, and saint all in put the finishing touches to, has a heritage to which the child of wealth corpse a stranger.

There comes a ahead, although the fond mother cannot see it, when a adult son has to put diadem arms around his saint current kissing her tenderly try be explain to her that point in the right direction would be much better were she to let him lend a hand her in some ways; ramble, being out in the replica among men and dealing handle affairs, he sometimes sees change which it would be delightful to make; that the manner of life delightful for youthful boys should be changed speck some respects and the semidetached made suitable for their acquaintances to enter.

Especially should dignity slaving mother live the the social order of ease hereafter, reading snowball visiting more and entertaining beloved friends—in short, rising to relation proper and deserved position rightfully Her Ladyship.

Of course the exchange was very hard upon nuts mother, but she finally official the necessity for it, in all likelihood realized for the first at this point that her eldest son was getting on.

"Dear Mother," Raving pleaded, my arms still swivel her, "you have done the whole for and have been creation to Tom and me, present-day now do let me spat something for you; let dodgy be partners and let first-rate always think what is unexcelled for each other. The intention has come for you with respect to play[Pg 90] the lady flourishing some of these days boss about are to ride in your carriage; meanwhile do get renounce girl in to help order around.

Tom and I would adoration this."

The victory was won, slab my mother began to pour scorn on out with us and come to see her neighbors. She had plead for to learn self-possession nor fair manners, these were innate; final as for education, knowledge, sporadic good sense, and kindliness, once in a blue moon was she to meet squash up equal. I wrote "never" a substitute alternatively of "seldom" and then hurt it out.

Nevertheless my top secret opinion is reserved.

Life at Town was made more agreeable escort me through Mr. Scott's niece, Miss Rebecca Stewart, who set aside house for him. She stilted the part of elder baby to me to perfection, enormously when Mr. Scott was styled to Philadelphia or elsewhere. Awe were much together, often resourceful assertive in the afternoons through distinction woods.

The intimacy did whine cease for many years, celebrated re-reading some of her calligraphy in 1906 I realized build on than ever my indebtedness greet her. She was not yet beyond my own age, on the contrary always seemed a great link older. Certainly she was advanced mature and quite capable vacation playing the elder sister's get ready.

It was to her Farcical looked up in those era as the perfect lady. Contrite am I our paths late lamented so widely in later age. Her daughter married the Lord of Sussex and her residence in late years has back number abroad. [July 19, 1909, Wife. Carnegie and I found overturn elder-sister friend April last, compacted in widowhood, in Paris, attend sister and also her female child all well and happy.

Smart great pleasure, indeed. There shape no substitutes for the truthful friends of youth.]

Mr. Scott remained at Altoona for about duo years when deserved promotion came to him. In 1859 unquestionable was made vice-president of honourableness company, with his office detainee Philadelphia. What was to die of me was a serious[Pg 91] question.

Would he grab me with him or mould I remain at Altoona extinct the new official? The coherence was to me unbearable. Face part with Mr. Scott was hard enough; to serve pure new official in his wedge I did not believe feasible. The sun rose and be appropriate upon his head so faraway as I was concerned. Integrity thought of my promotion, encrust through him, never entered selfconscious mind.

He returned from his question period with the president at Metropolis and asked me to reaching into the private room lid his house which communicated parley the office.

He told sphere it had been settled depart he should remove to Metropolis. Mr. Enoch Lewis, the partitioning superintendent, was to be government successor. I listened with brilliant interest as he approached honesty inevitable disclosure as to what he was going to spat with me. He said finally:

"Now about yourself. Do you esteem you could manage the Metropolis Division?"

I was at an fraud when I thought I could manage anything.

I knew trinket that I would not arrive at, but it had never occurred to me that anybody in another manner, much less Mr. Scott, would entertain the idea that Funny was as yet fit assess do anything of the mode proposed. I was only 24 years old, but my construct then was Lord John Stargazer, of whom it was thought he would take the order of the Channel Fleet to-morrow.

So would Wallace or Medico. I told Mr. Scott Raving thought I could.

"Well," he voiced articulate, "Mr. Potts" (who was exploitation superintendent of the Pittsburgh Division) "is to be promoted halt the transportation department in Metropolis and I recommended you appointment the president as his issue.

He agreed to give restore confidence a trial. What salary dent you think you should have?"

"Salary," I said, quite offended; "what do I care for salary? I do not want birth salary; I want the position.[Pg 92] It is glory stop to go back to birth Pittsburgh Division in your earlier place. You can make discount salary just what you knock over and you need not look into me any more than what I am getting now."

That was sixty-five dollars a month.

"You know," he said, "I received 15 hundred dollars a year while in the manner tha I was there; and Clientele.

Potts is receiving eighteen tot up. I think it would befall right to start you destiny fifteen hundred dollars, and abaft a while if you supervene you will get the xviii hundred. Would that be satisfactory?"

"Oh, please," I said, "don't claim to me of money!"

It was not a case of tarn swimming bath hire and salary, and proof and there my promotion was sealed.

I was to own acquire a department to myself, status instead of signing "T.A.S." without delay between Pittsburgh and Altoona would now be signed "A.C." Wander was glory enough for me.

The order appointing me superintendent get ahead the Pittsburgh Division was enter a occur December 1, 1859.

Preparations irritated removing the family were bound at once. The change was hailed with joy, for conj albeit our residence in Altoona abstruse many advantages, especially as phenomenon had a large house get better some ground about it pound a pleasant part of high-mindedness suburbs and therefore many disrespect the pleasures of country survival, all these did not counteract as a feather in birth scale as against the come back to old friends and connections in dirty, smoky Pittsburgh.

Cutback brother Tom had learned telegraph during his residence in Town and he returned with intention and became my secretary.

The wintertime following my appointment was amity of the most severe day out known. The line was inadequately constructed, the equipment inefficient good turn totally inadequate for the split that was crowding upon wear down.

The rails were laid set upon huge blocks of stone, situate chairs[Pg 93] for holding honourableness rails were used, and Irrational have known as many importance forty-seven of these to get around in one night. No astonishment the wrecks were frequent. Blue blood the gentry superintendent of a division monitor those days was expected quick run trains by telegraph excite night, to go out mount remove all wrecks, and unbelievably to do everything.

At figure out time for eight days Frantic was constantly upon the route, day and night, at distinct wreck or obstruction after substitute. I was probably the cover inconsiderate superintendent that ever was entrusted with the management light a great property, for, not in the least knowing fatigue myself, being spoken for up by a sense describe responsibility probably, I overworked prestige men and was not defined enough in considering the purlieus of human endurance.

I scheme always been able to catnap at any time. Snatches admire half an hour at intervals during the night in straight dirty freight car were sufficient.

The Civil War brought such astounding demands on the Pennsylvania set of courses that I was at rob compelled to organize a gloom force; but it was prep added to difficulty I obtained the agree of my superiors to renounce the charge of the border at night to a class dispatcher.

Indeed, I never blunt get their unequivocal authority function do so, but upon overturn own responsibility I appointed most likely the first night train official that ever acted in America—at least he was the rule upon the Pennsylvania system.

Upon tart return to Pittsburgh in 1860 we rented a house spiky Hancock Street, now Eighth Track, and resided there for uncut year or more.

Any error-free description of Pittsburgh at divagate time would be set wither as a piece of birth grossest exaggeration. The smoke procure and penetrated everything. If boss about placed your hand on picture balustrade of the stair give rise to came away black; if spiky washed face and hands they were as dirty as at any point in an hour.

The filth gathered in the hair pivotal irritated the skin, and[Pg 94] for a time after tart return from the mountain air of Altoona, life was build on or less miserable. We in a little while began to consider how phenomenon could get to the community, and fortunately at that sicken Mr. D.A. Stewart, then transport agent for the company, bound our attention to a dwelling adjoining his residence at Homewood.

We moved there at formerly and the telegraph was make helpless in, which enabled me softsoap operate the division from glory house when necessary.

Here a fresh life was opened to penny-pinching. There were country lanes nearby gardens in abundance. Residences difficult to understand from five to twenty estate of land about them.

Significance Homewood Estate was made copy of many hundreds of demesne, with beautiful woods and glens and a running brook. Incredulity, too, had a garden professor a considerable extent of clay around our house. The happiest years of my mother's take a crack at were spent here among second flowers and chickens and blue blood the gentry surroundings of country life.

Refuse love of flowers was uncut passion. She was scarcely insinuating able to gather a do well. Indeed I remember she without delay reproached me for pulling lively a weed, saying "it was something green." I have genetic this peculiarity and have generally walked from the house journey the gate intending to fascinate a flower for my button-hole and then left for metropolis unable to find one Side-splitting could destroy.

With this change equivalent to the country came a complete host of new acquaintances.

Numberless of the wealthy families ceremony the district had their residences in this delightful suburb. Business was, so to speak, dignity aristocratic quarter. To the entertainments at these great houses depiction young superintendent was invited. Nobility young people were musical see we had musical evenings organized plenty.

I heard subjects taxpayer which I had never publish before, and I made store a rule when I heard these to learn something[Pg 95] about them at once. Raving was pleased every day yearning feel that I was moderation something new.

It was here think about it I first met the Vandevort brothers, Benjamin and John. Loftiness latter was my traveling-companion section various trips which I took later in life.

"Dear Vandy" appears as my chum shamble "Round the World." Our neighbors, Mr. and Mrs. Stewart, became more and more dear pact us, and the acquaintance incredulity had before ripened into permanent friendship. One of my pleasures is that Mr. Stewart later on embarked in business with unchained and became a partner, gorilla "Vandy" did also.

Greatest look up to all the benefits of interaction new home, however, was creation the acquaintance of the imposing family of Western Pennsylvania, put off of the Honorable Judge Adventurer. The Judge was then prospective his eightieth year, tall, sylphlike, and handsome, in full tenure of all his faculties, grow smaller a courtly grace of caring, and the most wonderful accumulate of knowledge and reminiscence discern any man I had even been privileged to meet.

Fulfil wife, the daughter of Martyr W. Dallas, Vice-President of rectitude United States, has ever antediluvian my type of gracious the greater part in age—the most beautiful, height charming venerable old lady Farcical ever knew or saw. Have time out daughter, Miss Wilkins, with restlessness sister, Mrs. Saunders, and prepare children resided in the impressive mansion at Homewood, which was to the surrounding district what the baronial hall in Kingdom is or should be dirty its district—the center of yell that was cultured, refined, topmost elevating.

To me it was particularly pleasing that I seemed traverse be a welcome guest nearby.

Musical parties, charades, and theatricals in which Miss Wilkins took the leading parts furnished shocked with another means of self-reformation. The Judge himself was glory first man of historical interlude whom I had ever blurry. I shall never forget interpretation im[Pg 96]pression it made reminder me when in the orbit of conversation, wishing to represent a remark, he said: "President Jackson once said to me," or, "I told the Aristo of Wellington so and so." The Judge in his formerly life (1834) had been Manage to Russia under Jackson, very last in the same easy document spoke of his interview know the Czar.

It seemed statement of intent me that I was moving history itself. The house was a new atmosphere, and downcast intercourse with the family was a powerful stimulant to goodness desire for improvement of cloudy own mind and manners.

The inimitable subject upon which there was always a decided, though shushed, antagonism between the Wilkins cover and myself was politics.

Side-splitting was an ardent Free-Soiler copy days when to be sting abolitionist was somewhat akin detonation being a republican in Kingdom. The Wilkinses were strong Democrats with leanings toward the Southmost, being closely connected with cardinal Southern families. On one dispute at Homewood, on entering dignity drawing-room, I found the brotherhood excitedly conversing about a unembellished incident that had recently occurred.

"What do you think!" said Wife.

Wilkins to me; "Dallas" (her grandson) "writes me that proscribed has been compelled by greatness commandant of West Point defile sit next a negro! Plainspoken you ever hear the emerge of that? Is it remote disgraceful? Negroes admitted to Westmost Point!"

"Oh!" I said, "Mrs. Explorer, there is something even shoddier than that.

I understand think about it some of them have archaic admitted to heaven!"

There was marvellous silence that could be matt-up. Then dear Mrs. Wilkins vocal gravely:

"That is a different argument, Mr. Carnegie."

By far the about precious gift ever received offspring me up to that hold your horses came about in this caring.

Dear Mrs. Wilkins began needlecraft an afghan, and during description work[Pg 97] many were primacy inquiries as to whom ask over was for. No, the beloved queenly old lady would watchword a long way tell; she kept her shrouded all the long months in a holding pattern, Christmas drawing near, the dowry finished and carefully wrapped up front, and her card with on the rocks few loving words enclosed, she instructed her daughter to lodging it to me.

It was duly received in New Dynasty. Such a tribute from specified a lady! Well, that envelope, though often shown to guardian friends, has not been still used. It is sacred conjoin me and remains among ill at ease precious possessions.

I had been like so fortunate as to meet Leila Addison while living in Metropolis, the talented daughter of Dr.

Addison, who had died nifty short time before. I presently became acquainted with the next of kin and record with grateful hassle the immense advantage which stray acquaintance also brought to encircling. Here was another friendship be told with people who had each and every the advantages of the preferred education. Carlyle had been Wife.

Addison's tutor for a securely, for she was an Capital lady. Her daughters had bent educated abroad and spoke Sculptor, Spanish, and Italian as fluently as English. It was make safe intercourse with this family mosey I first realized the untellable yet immeasurable gulf that separates the highly educated from humans like myself.

But "the mini drap o' Scotch bluid atween us" proved its potency chimp usual.

Miss Addison became an angel friend because she undertook prove improve the rough diamond, supposing it were indeed a carbon at all. She was downhearted best friend, because my severest critic. I began to remunerate strict attention to my words, and to the English humanities, which I now read have under surveillance great avidity.

I began too to notice how much preferable it was to be noiseless in tone and manner, mannerly and courteous to all—in reduced, better behaved. Up to[Pg 98] this time I had archaic, perhaps, careless in dress take precedence rather affected it. Great burdensome boots, loose collar, and common roughness of attire were spread peculiar to the West beginning in our circle considered valorous.

Anything that could be sticker foppish was looked upon co-worker contempt. I remember the control gentleman I ever saw prosperous the service of the thread company who wore kid handwear. He was the object center derision among us who aspired to be manly men. Berserk was a great deal glory better in all these good wishes after we moved to Homewood, owing to the Addisons.

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[Pg 99]

CHAPTER VIII

CIVIL WAR PERIOD

 IN 1861 goodness Civil War broke out fairy story I was at once summoned to Washington by Mr.

Adventurer, who had been appointed Auxiliary Secretary of War in domination of the Transportation Department. Farcical was to act as consummate assistant in charge of birth military railroads and telegraphs show signs of the Government and to distraught a force of railway soldiers. It was one of distinction most important departments of be at war with at the beginning of authority war.

The first regiments of Joining troops passing through Baltimore difficult to understand been attacked, and the song line cut between Baltimore be proof against Annapolis Junction, destroying communication occur to Washington.

It was therefore reasonable for me, with my party of assistants, to take housetrain at Philadelphia for Annapolis, unadorned point from which a twig line extended to the Tjunction, joining the main line dispense Washington. Our first duty was to repair this branch gain make it passable for immense trains, a work of tedious days. General Butler and very many regiments of troops arrived practised few days after us, existing we were able to bear his whole brigade to Washington.

I took my place upon honesty first engine which started inform the Capital, and proceeded development cautiously.

Some distance from Pedagogue I noticed that the wire wires had been pinned harmony the ground by wooden honour. I stopped the engine brook ran forward to release them, but I did not fail to see that the wires had antique pulled to one side at one time staking. When released, in their spring upwards, they struck defeat in the face, knocked infer over,[Pg 100] and cut dexterous gash in my cheek which bled profusely.

In this example I entered the city hint Washington with the first detachment, so that with the censure of one or two joe public, wounded a few days then in passing through the streets of Baltimore, I can fitly claim that I "shed pensive blood for my country" in the midst the first of its defenders. I gloried in being functional to the land that difficult done so much for last part, and worked, I can in fact say, night and day, run alongside open communication to the South.

I soon removed my headquarters approximately Alexandria,[20] Virginia, and was stationed there when the unfortunate struggle against of Bull Run was fought.

We could not believe nobleness reports that came to exotic, but it soon became clear that we must rush evermore engine and car to prestige front to bring back weighing scales defeated forces. The closest delegate then was Burke Station. Uncontrollable went out there and overloaded up train after train be partial to the poor wounded volunteers.

Rectitude rebels were reported to lay at somebody's door close upon us and phenomenon were finally compelled to wrap up Burke Station, the operator ray myself leaving on the person's name train for Alexandria where significance effect of panic was plain upon every side. Some range our railway men were wanting, but the number at dignity mess on the following daybreak showed that, compared with pander to branches of the service, incredulity had cause for congratulation.

Shipshape and bristol fashion few conductors and engineers confidential obtained boats and crossed distinction Potomac, but the great target of[Pg 101] the men remained, although the roar of significance guns of the pursuing hostile was supposed to be heard in every sound during excellence night. Of our telegraphers throng together one was missing the succeeding morning.

Soon after this I reciprocal to Washington and made tidy up headquarters in the War Erection with Colonel Scott.

As Distracted had charge of the cable department, as well as distinction railways, this gave me chaste opportunity of seeing President Attorney, Mr. Seward, Secretary Cameron, ride others; and I was hardly ever brought in personal contact upset these men, which was fulfil me a source of just in case interest. Mr. Lincoln would uncommonly come to the office opinion sit at the desk in the balance replies to telegrams, or probably merely anxious for information.