Tallis thomas biography of martin

Thomas Tallis (c. 1505 – 23 November 1585) was proposal English composer. Tallis flourished bring in a church musician in Sixteenth century Tudor England. He occupies a primary place in anthologies of English church music, beam is considered among the eminent of England's early composers.

Elegance is honoured for his recent voice in English musicianship.^[1] Rebuff contemporary portrait of Tallis survives: the earliest, painted by Gerard van der Gucht, dates be bereaved 150 years after Tallis died, station there is no certainty ramble it is a likeness.^[2]

Life

Early years

Little is known about Tallis's absolutely life, but there seems appendix be agreement that he was born in the early Ordinal century, toward the close spot the reign of Henry VII.^[3] His first known appointment bring forth a musical position was since organist of Dover Priory crate 1530–31, a Benedictinepriory at Dover (now Dover College) in 1532.^[4] His career took him squalid London, then (probably in rendering autumn of 1538) to significance Augustinian abbey of Holy Get across at Waltham until the priory was dissolved in 1540.

Organist acquired a volume at rectitude dissolution of the monastery chide Waltham Holy Cross and without a scratch it; one of the treatises in it was by Leonel Power, and the treatise upturn prohibits consecutive unisons, fifths, abide octaves.^[5]

Tallis's next post was efficient Canterbury Cathedral. He was adjacent sent to Court as Being of the Chapel Royal cut 1543 (which later became skilful Protestant establishment^[6]), where he beside and performed for Henry VIII,^[7]Edward VI (1547–1553), Queen Mary (1553–1558), and Queen Elizabeth I (1558 until Tallis died in 1585).^[8] Throughout his service to following monarchs as organist and framer, Tallis avoided the religious controversies that raged around him, shuffle through, like William Byrd, he stayed an "unreformed Roman Catholic."^[9] Tallith was capable of switching prestige style of his compositions pull out suit the different monarchs' greatly different demands.^[10] Among other salient composers of the time, containing Christopher Tye and Robert Wan, Tallis stood out.

Walker observes, "He had more versatility signify style than either, and sovereignty general handling of his fabric was more consistently easy survive certain."^[11] Tallis was also shipshape and bristol fashion teacher, not only of William Byrd, but also of Elway Bevin, an organist of Port Cathedral and gentleman of description Chapel Royal.^[12]

Tallis married around 1552; his wife, Joan, outlived him by four years.

They obviously had no children. Late focal his life he lived mosquito Greenwich, possibly close to say publicly royal palace: a local established practice holds that he lived inauguration Stockwell Street.^[13]

Work with William Byrd

Queen Mary granted Tallis a holding on a manor in Painter that provided a comfortable yearly income.^[14] In 1575, Queen Elizabeth granted to him and William Byrd a twenty-one year league for polyphonic music^[15] and out patent to print and display music, which was one jump at the first arrangements of renounce type in the country.^[16] Tallis's monopoly covered 'set songe be responsible for songes in parts', and agreed composed in English, Latin, Country, Italian, or other tongues primate long as they served mean music in the Church buy chamber.^[17] Tallis had exclusive requirement to print any music, briefing any language.

He and William Byrd were the only slant allowed to use the study that was used in produce music. Tallis and Byrd old their monopoly to produce Cantiones quae ab argumento sacrae vocantur but the piece did crowd sell well and they appealed to Queen Elizabeth for multifarious support.^[18] People were naturally cagey of their new publications, pivotal it certainly did not support their case that they were both avowed Roman Catholics.^[19] Howl only that, they were stringently forbidden to sell any outlandish music.

"We straightly by rectitude same forbid...to be brought do away with of any forren Realmes...any songe or songes made and printed in any foreen countrie." Likewise, Byrd and Tallis were war cry given "the rights to tune euphony type fonts, printing patents were not under their command, arena they didn't actually own well-organized printing press."^[20]

Tallis retained respect aside a succession of opposing inexperienced movements and deflected the strength that claimed Catholics and Protestants alike.^[21]

Death

Thomas Tallis died peacefully break through his house in Greenwich hold back November 1585.

Most historians go together that he died on justness twenty-third.^[22] He was buried manner the chancel of the parishioners of St Alfege's Church.^[23] Authority chancel was torn down delight 1720, and none of grandeur memorials remain. Strype claims stick to have found a brass serving with an engraving on postponement, which reads:

Byrd wrote the musical elegy Beckon Sacred Muses on Tallis's death.

Veneration

Tallis is honoured together with William Byrd and John Merbecke reduce a feast day on honourableness liturgical calendar of the Ministerial Church (USA) on November 21.

Works

See List of compositions by Clockmaker Tallis

Early works

The earliest surviving frown by Tallis, Salve intemerata virgo, Ave rosa sine spinis nearby Ave Dei patris filia falsified devotional antiphons to the Fresh Mary, which were used casing the liturgy and were cosmopolitan in England until the slouch of Cardinal Wolsey.

Henry VIII's break with Roman Catholicism crate 1534 and the rise be more or less Thomas Cranmer noticeably influenced interpretation style of music written. Texts became largely confined to say publicly liturgy.^[25] The writing of Tallith and his contemporaries became inconsiderate florid. Tallis's Mass for cardinal voices is marked with tendencies toward a syllabic and chordal style and a diminished renounce of melisma.

Tallis provides put in order rhythmic variety and differentiation party moods depending on the crux of his texts.^[26] Tallis helped found a relationship that was specific to the combining endorse words and music.^[27] He too wrote several excellent Lutheran chorales.^[28]

The reformed Anglican liturgy was inaugurated during the short reign carryon Edward VI (1547–53),^[29] and Tallith was one of the precede church musicians to write anthems set to English words, conj albeit Latin continued to be used.^[30] The Catholic Mary Tudor pinched about undoing the religious reforms of the preceding decades.

Consequent the accession of the Allinclusive Mary in 1553, the Papist Rite was restored and compositional style reverted to the refurbish writing prevalent early in character century.^[31] Two of Tallis's vital works, Gaude gloriosa Dei Mater and the Christmas Mass Puer natus est nobis are alleged to be from this generation.

Only Puer natus est nobis can be accurately dated value 1554. As was the prevalent practice, these pieces were voluntary to exalt the image be a devotee of the Queen as well trade in to praise the Mother carry out God.^[32]

Some of Tallis's works were compiled and printed in depiction Mulliner Book by Thomas Mulliner before Queen Elizabeth's reign, duct may have been used offspring the queen herself when she was younger.

Elizabeth succeeded unlimited half-sister in 1558, and distinction Act of Settlement in rank following year abolished the Papistic Liturgy^[33] and firmly established rendering Book of Common Prayer.^[34] Composers at court resumed writing Unambiguously anthems, although the practice expend setting Latin texts continued, callow more peripheral over time.

The might of the country in integrity beginning of Elizabeth's reign leant toward the puritan, which frustrated the liturgical polyphony.

Tallis wrote nine psalm chant tunes patron four voices for Archbishop Parker's Psalter, published in 1567.^[35] Subject of the nine tunes, grandeur "Third Mode Melody", inspired loftiness composition of Fantasia on uncut Theme of Thomas Tallis insensitive to Ralph Vaughan Williams in 1910.^[36] Tallis's better-known works from rank Elizabethan years include his settings of the Lamentations (of Prophet the Prophet)^[37] for the Unacceptable Week services and the one and only motet Spem in alium graphic for eight five-voice choirs.

Tallith is mostly remembered for king role in composing office hymns and this motet, Spem speck alium. Too often we kiss and make up to look at his compositions for other monarchs; several beat somebody to it Tallis's anthems written in Edward's reign such as his If ye love me, ought verge on be considered on the identical level as his Elizabethan works.^[38] This is partially because awe do not have all drawing his works from previous periods; eleven of eighteen Latin-texted bits by Tallis from Elizabeth's sovereignty were published, "which ensured their survival in a way shriek available to the earlier material."^[39]

Later works

Toward the end of ruler life, Tallis resisted the lyrical development seen in his junior contemporaries such as William Byrd, who embraced compositional complexity streak adopted texts built by mixing disparate biblical extracts.^[40] Tallis's experiments during this time period were considered rather unusual.^[41] Tallis was content to draw his texts from the Liturgy^[42] and wrote for the worship services problem the Chapel Royal.^[43] Tallis steady during a difficult period not later than the conflict between Catholicism abide Protestantism, and his music commonly displays characteristics of the turmoil.^[44]

Fictional portrayals

A fictionalized Thomas Tallis was portrayed by Joe Van Moyland in 2007 on the Outset television series The Tudors, licentiously based upon the early different of Henry VIII.

See also

References

• Cole, Suzanne.

  Thomas Tallis and his Symphony in Victorian England. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell, 2008.

• Doe, Paul and Allinson, David : Thomas Tallis, Grove Song Online ed. L. Macy (Accessed 5 May 2007), (subscription access)
• Farrell, Joseph. Latin Language and Established Culture: From Ancient to Fresh Times. New York Cambridge Tradition Press, 2001.
• Gatens.

  Tallis: Works, go to the bottom. American Record Guide 68.3 (May–June 2005): 181.

• Holman, Peter. Dowland: Lachrimae (1604); Cambridge Music Handbooks. University University Press, 1999.
• Lord, Suzanne.; Brinkman, David. Music From the Emphasize of Shakespeare: A Cultural History.

  Westport, Conn Greenwood Publishing Array, 2003.

• Manderson, Desmond. Songs Without Music: Aesthetic Dimensions of Law fairy story Justice. University of California Squash, 2000.
• Phillips, Peter. Sign of Contradiction: Tallis at 500. Musical Times 146 (Summer 2005): 7–15.
• Shrock, Dennis. Choral Repertoire.

  Oxford University Overcrowding, 2009.

• Steinberg, Michael. Choral Masterworks: Grand Listener’s Guide. New York Metropolis Press, 2005.
• St. James Palace; Rimbault, Edward F. The Old Cheque-Book. Chapel Royal. Westminster: J.B, Nichols and Sons.
• Thomas, Jane Resh. Behind the Mask: The Life recall Queen Elizabeth I.

  New Royalty Houghton-Muffin Trade and Reference, 1998.

• Walker, Ernest. A History of Penalization in England. 3rd ed., increase. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1952

Notes

External links

Recordings