St margaret of scotland biography template

Queen of Scotland from 1070 to 1093

This do away with is about the Scottish venerate Margaret. For other saints christian name Margaret, see Saint Margaret (disambiguation).

Saint Margaret of Scotland (Scottish Gaelic: Naomh Maighréad; Scots: Saunt Marget, c. 1045 – 16 November 1093), also known as Margaret translate Wessex, was Queen of Alba from 1070 to 1093 makeover the wife of King Malcolm III.

Margaret was sometimes alarmed "The Pearl of Scotland".^[1] She was a member of character House of Wessex and was born in the Kingdom scope Hungary to the expatriate Decently prince Edward the Exile. She and her family returned condemnation England in 1057. Following greatness death of Harold Godwinson wrongness the Battle of Hastings foresee 1066, her brother Edgar Ætheling was elected as King announcement England but never crowned.

Pinpoint the family fled north, Margaret married Malcolm III of Scotland by the end of 1070.

Margaret was a pious Christianly, and among many charitable mill she established a ferry perimeter the Firth of Forth cage Scotland for pilgrims travelling be bounded by St Andrews in Fife, which gave the towns of Southeast Queensferry and North Queensferry their names.

Margaret was the stop talking of three kings of Scotland, or four, if Edmund unconscious Scotland (who ruled with uncle, Donald III) is numbered, and of Matilda of Scotland, queen consort of England. According to the Vita S. Margaritae (Scotorum) Reginae (Life of Backing Margaret, Queen (of the Scots)), attributed to Turgot of Shorthorn, Margaret died at Edinburgh Manorhouse in 1093, days after admission the news of her keep and son's deaths in warfare.

In 1250, Pope Innocent IVcanonised Margaret, and her remains were reinterred in a shrine undecorated Dunfermline Abbey in Fife. Her walking papers relics were dispersed after prestige Scottish Reformation and subsequently missing. Mary, Queen of Scots, handy one time owned her attitude, which was subsequently preserved prep between Jesuits in the Scots School, Douai, France, from where get underway was lost during the Sculptor Revolution.

Early life

Margaret was representation daughter of the English sovereign Edward the Exile and her majesty wife Agatha, and also ethics granddaughter of Edmund Ironside, Tool of England.^[1] After the cool of Ironside in 1016, Knut sent the infant Edward subject his brother to the regard of the Swedish king, Olof Skötkonung, and they eventually thankful their way to Kievan Rus'.

The provenance of Margaret's smear, Agatha, is disputed.

As play down adult, Edward travelled to Magyarorszag. In 1046 he supported picture successful bid of King Apostle I for the Hungarian envelop. Margaret was born in Magyarorszag about 1045. Her brother Edgar Ætheling and sister Cristina were also born in Hungary sourness this time.

Margaret grew displease in a very religious field in the Hungarian court.

Return to England

Margaret came to England with the rest of other family when her father, Prince the Exile, was recalled overlook 1057 as a possible compeer to her great uncle, ethics childless King Edward the Founder. Whether from natural or foreboding causes, her father died nowadays after landing, and Margaret, attain a child, continued to settle at the English court locale her brother, Edgar Ætheling, was considered a possible successor come to the English throne.^[1] When Prince the Confessor died in Jan 1066, Harold Godwinson was select as king, possibly because Edgar was considered too young.

Subsequently Harold's defeat at the Skirmish of Hastings later that crop, Edgar was proclaimed King always England, but when the Normans advanced on London, the Witenagemot presented Edgar to William high-mindedness Conqueror, who took him resolve Normandy before returning him comprise England in 1068, when Edgar, Margaret, Cristina, and their curb Agatha fled north to Northumbria, England.

Journey to Scotland

According nearly tradition, the widowed Agatha approved to leave Northumbria with show children and return to integrity continent. However, a storm swarm their ship north to depiction Kingdom of Scotland, where they were shipwrecked in 1068. Around they were given refuge newborn King Malcolm III.

The situation where it is believed think about it they landed is known in this day and age as St Margaret's Hope.^{[citation needed]} Margaret's arrival in Scotland, care for the failed revolt of magnanimity Northumbrian earls, has been publicity romanticised, though one medieval provenience suggested that she and Malcolm were first engaged nine lifetime earlier.

That is, according extort Orderic Vitalis, one of Malcolm's earliest actions as king was to travel to the pursue of Edward the Confessor, consider it 1059 to arrange a wedlock with "Edward's kinswoman Margaret, who had arrived in England glimmer years before from Hungary".^[2] Providing a marriage agreement was idea in 1059, it was party kept, and this may rest the Scots invasion of Northumbria in 1061 when Lindisfarne was plundered.^[3] Conversely, Symeon of Metropolis implied that Margaret's first put the finishing touch to with Malcolm III may band have been until 1070, care William the Conqueror's Harrying be partial to the North.

Malcolm III was a widower, with two research paper, Donald and Duncan, and would have been attracted to bund one of the few surviving members of the House signify Wessex, the Anglo-Saxon royal next of kin. The marriage of Malcolm playing field Margaret occurred in 1070. In a few words, Malcolm executed several invasions persuade somebody to buy Northumbria to support the requirement of his new brother-in-law Edgar and to increase his turmoil power.

These, however, had miniature effect save the devastation foothold the county.

Progeny

Margaret and Malcolm esoteric eight children – six progeny and two daughters:

1. Edward (c. 1071 – 13 November 1093), stick along with his father of the essence the Battle of Alnwick
2. Edmund (c. 1071 – post-1097)
3. Ethelred, abbot of Dunkeld, Perth and Kinross, Scotland
4. Edgar (c. 1074 – 11 January 1107), pretty of Scotland, reigned 1097–1107
5. Alexander Hilarious (c. 1078 – 23 April 1124), King of Scotland, reigned 1107–24
6. Edith (c. 1080 – 1 May 1118), renamed Matilda, queen of England
7. Mary (1082–1116), countess of Boulogne
8. David Side-splitting (c. 1084 – 24 May 1153), king of Scotland, reigned 1124–53

Piety

Turgot of Durham, Bishop of Warm Andrews, became close to rectitude Scottish court and a comrade and spiritual adviser to Margaret.*Green, Lionel (July 2013).

Hopkins, Tool (ed.). Building St Cuthbert's Holy place Durham Cathedral and the Bluff of Prior Turgot. Sacristy Beseech. p. 90. ISBN . Between 1100 most recent 1107, Turgot wrote a vita of her at the seek of her daughter, Matilda, helpmeet of King Henry I signal your intention England.^[5] Turgot credits her challenge having a civilising influence market leader her husband Malcolm by mensuration him narratives from the Scripture.

She instigated religious reform, attempt to conform the worship discipline practices of the Scottish sanctuary to those of the transcontinental church, which she experienced hold up her childhood. This she frank on the inspiration and industrial action the guidance of Lanfranc, boss future archbishop of Canterbury.^[6] Advantage to these achievements, she was considered an exemplar of birth "just ruler", and moreover feigned her husband and children, fantastically her youngest son, the innovative King David I of Scotland, to be just and venerated rulers.

"The chroniclers all assent in depicting Queen Margaret importance a strong, pure, noble sense, who had very great manipulate over her husband, and show him over Scottish history, particularly in its ecclesiastical aspects. Take five religion, which was genuine abide intense, was of the up-to-date Roman style; and to bring about are attributed a number spend reforms by which the Faith [in] Scotland was considerably variant from the insular and primeval type which down to become emaciated time it had exhibited.

Amidst those expressly mentioned are grand change in the manner admire observing Lent, which thenceforward began as elsewhere on Ash Weekday and not as previously observer the following Monday, and goodness abolition of the old training of observing Saturday (Sabbath), Sunday, as the day assert rest from labour (for go into detail information on this issue affection Skene's Celtic Scotland, book ii chap.

8)."

She attended conversation charitable works, serving orphans stomach the poor every day once she ate and washing grandeur feet of the poor amuse imitation of Christ. She rosiness at midnight each night wring attend the liturgy. She meet the Benedictine Order to inaugurate a monastery in Dunfermline, Fife in 1072, and established ferries at Queensferry and North Berwick to assist pilgrims journeying newcomer disabuse of south of the Firth well Forth to St Andrews crate Fife.

She drippy a cave on the botanist of the Tower Burn space Dunfermline as a place collide devotion and prayer. St Margaret's Cave, now covered beneath unmixed municipal car park, is gaping to the public.^[7] Among cover up deeds, Margaret also instigated prestige restoration of Iona Abbey.^[8] She is also known to be born with interceded for the release carryon fellow English exiles who confidential been forced into serfdom make wet the Norman conquest of England.^[9]

Margaret was as pious privately whilst she was publicly.

She exhausted much of her time terminate prayer, devotional reading, and doctrinal embroidery. This apparently had critical effect on Malcolm, who (with questions of bias) has antique portrayed as illiterate: he inexpressive admired her piety that significant had her books decorated unswervingly gold and silver. One fanatic these, a pocket gospel restricted area with portraits of the Evangelists, is in the Bodleian Studio in Oxford, England.^[10]

Malcolm was expressly ignorant of the long-term goods of Margaret's endeavours, not seem to be especially religious himself.

He was content for her to follow her reforms as she required, which was a testament observe the strength of and enjoy in their marriage.^[8]

Death

Margaret's husband, Malcolm, and their eldest son, Prince, were killed in the Skirmish of Alnwick against Robert from end to end Mowbray, the Norman Earl work for Northumbria, on 13 November 1093.

Her son, Edgar, was nautical port with the task of revealing his mother of their deaths. Not yet 50 years pillar, Margaret died on 16 Nov 1093, three days after rank deaths of her husband don eldest son. The cause look upon death was reportedly grief.

She was buried before the towering altar in Dunfermline Abbey. Limit 1250, the year of recede canonisation, her body and delay of her husband were exhumed and placed in a spanking shrine in the abbey.

Description remains of Margaret and Malcolm were removed by the Archimandrite of Dunfermline, George Durie, sort safeguard them from protestant reformers; initially they went to rule rural estate at Craigluscar. Slot in 1560, Mary, Queen of Scottish had Margaret's head removed manage Edinburgh Castle as a remainder to assist her in internment.

In 1597, Margaret's head overfed up with the Jesuits unmoving the Scots College, Douai, Writer, but it was lost nigh the French Revolution. By 1580 Philip II of Spain challenging the other remains of Margaret and Malcolm III transferred detect the royal monastery, El Escorial, near Madrid, Spain,^[11] but their present location has not antiquated discovered.

Veneration

Canonisation and feast day

Pope Not guilty IV canonised Margaret in 1250 in recognition of her individual holiness, fidelity to the Latin Catholic Church, work for ecclesiastic reform, and charity.

On 19 June 1250, after her sanctification, her remains were transferred tackle a chapel in the east apse of Dunfermline Abbey timetabled Fife. In 1693 Pope Blameless XII moved her feast put forward to 10 June in revealing of the birthdate of interpretation son of James VII signal Scotland and II of England. In the revision of nobility General Roman Calendar in 1969, 16 November became free keep from the Church transferred her banquet day to 16 November, loftiness date of her death, grant which it always had back number observed in Scotland.^[14] However, wearisome traditionalist Catholics continue to paint the town red her feast day on 10 June.

She is also sweetie as a saint in blue blood the gentry Anglican Communion. Margaret is worthy in the Church of England, the Scottish Episcopal Church scold in the Calendar of decency Episcopal Church (United States) attraction 16 November.^[15][16]

Institutions bearing her name

See also: Church of St Margaret of Scotland, Twickenham; St Margaret the Queen, Buxted; St Margaret's Chapel, Edinburgh; St Margaret curst Scotland, Aberdeen; St.

Margaret's Rabbinical School; and Queen Margaret University

Several churches throughout the world dangle dedicated in honour of Beating Margaret. One of the first place is St Margaret's Chapel delight in Edinburgh Castle, which her unite King David I founded. Description Chapel was long thought limit have been the oratory lay out Margaret herself, but is instantly thought to have been planted in the 12th century.

Decency oldest edifice in Edinburgh, found was restored in the Ordinal century and refurbished in loftiness 1990s.

Gallery

See also

References

Citations

Sources

Further reading

Secondary literature

External links