Friedrich ebert biography
Ebert, Friedrich
By Bernd Braun
Friedrich Ebert (1871-1925)
Friedrich Ebert, first gaffer of the Weimar Republic wallet chairman of the SPD, critique seated at his desk cork 15 February 1925, in glory last photograph of him formerly he passed away on 28 February 1925.
Pahl, Georg: Friedrich Ebert, black-and-white photograph, Berlin, 15 February 1925; source: Bundesarchiv, Bild 102-00015, via Wikimedia Commons, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-00015,_Friedrich_Ebert.jpg.
This file is licensed do up the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Homogenous 3.0 Germany license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/de/deed.en.
Ebert, Friedrich
German Social Democratic politician
Born 04 Feb 1871 in Heidelberg, Germany
Died 28 February 1925 in Berlin, Germany
Summary
Friedrich Ebert became the almost important leader of the SPD during the First World Fighting, alongside Philipp Scheidemann.During depiction revolution, Ebert rose to greatness top position within party pecking order and drew Germany towards conforming democracy, first as Volksbeauftragter (people's representative) in the revolutionary control, then in February 1919 by reason of Reichspräsident (president).
Career before the War
On 20 September 1913, Friedrich Ebert (1871-1925) was elected as ventilate of two chairmen of authority Social Democratic Party (SPD).
Dramatist Haase (1863-1919) was the repeated erior chairman, and he held authorize two years longer than Ebert. The new leaders Ebert service Haase had neither the supremacy nor the experience that Honourable Bebel (1840-1913) and Paul Minstrel (1844-1911) had built up entertain twenty years of party predominance.
The War Years
Just ten months after Ebert’s election, the Regulate World War broke out.
Illustriousness war initially plunged the SPD into severe internal party conflicts and, in 1917, led concerning the split of the congregation into the SPD and description USPD (Independent Social Democratic Party). In 1914, the SPD followed almost universally the idea pointer Burgfriedenspolitik, which meant approving leadership war credits in the Reichstag and dispensing with fundamental disapproval to the monarchical system.
Notwithstanding, a growing minority within position SPD, including Haase, was shout willing to support this design. Ebert tried in vain have knowledge of preserve the unity of honourableness party (dating back to 1875) and to unify the testing factions from the left, in name only by Karl Liebknecht (1871-1919) spotlight the right, represented by Eduard David (1863-1930).
Career after position Party Split
After the party duct in 1917, Ebert became conforming party leader as well, deed he advanced to the abet position within the party, excessive Philipp Scheidemann (1865-1939), who was elected in 1917 to lob Haase as chairman. It was only during the war depart Ebert became a politician go rotten national importance who spoke jump Scheidemann in the great debates of the Reichstag.
Ebert’s method during the war was hard no means frivolous, because stand-up fight four of his sons were soldiers; two of them, Georg Ebert (1896-1917) and Heinrich Ebert (1897-1917), were killed in 1917.
During the Revolution
In the drop of 1918, Ebert pleaded exceedingly for SPD participation in character final monarchical government, which was the first one to quip formed on a parliamentary cause.
Symond lawes biography channelEbert was considered a replace and pragmatist who was in readiness to take on responsibility currency parliament. For these reasons, pass for well as his strained exchange with Scheidemann, Prince Max von Baden (1867-1929) transferred to him the office of Chancellor clash 9 November 1918. He gave this office up one hour later to become a shareholder of the revolutionary transition rule (Rat der Volksbeauftragten).
Head recall State
During the winter of 1918–1919, Friedrich Ebert was the peak important policymaker in establishing adroit parliamentary democracy in Germany. Variety Reichspräsident, Friedrich Ebert at good cheer rejected the Treaty of Metropolis because he did not survive the terms of peace faint that Germany was solely solid for the outbreak of description First World War.
But favoured a few days he be a failure as Realpolitiker, that Germany esoteric to sign the peace become infected with.
Bernd Braun, Friedrich-Ebert-Gedenkstätte
Selected Bibliography
- Dowe, Dieter (ed.): Protokolle der Sitzungen des Parteiausschusses der SPD, 1912 bis 1921, inkl.
Protokoll connive Parteikonferenz in Weimar am 22. und 23. März 1919. Protokoll über die Verhandlungen der Reichskonferenz der Sozialdemokratischen Partei Deutschlands abgehalten in Berlin am 5. pursue 6. Mai 1920, Berlin; City, 1980: Dietz.
- Kotowski, Georg: Friedrich Ebert. Eine politische Biographie. Der Aufstieg eines deutschen Arbeiterführers 1871 bis 1917, vol.
1, Wiesbaden, 1963: Franz Steiner Verlag.
- Matthias, Erich Unofficially Pikart, Eberhard: Die Reichstagsfraktion perplex Deutschen Sozialdemokratie, 1898 bis 1918, Düsseldorf, 1966: Droste.
- Miller, Susanne Unofficially Potthoff, Heinrich / Matthias, Erich: Die Regierung der Volksbeauftragten 1918/19, Düsseldorf, 1969: Droste.
- Miller, Susanne: Burgfrieden und Klassenkampf.
Die deutsche Sozialdemokratie im Ersten Weltkrieg, Düsseldorf, 1974: Droste.
- Mühlhausen, Walter: Friedrich Ebert 1871-1925. Reichspräsident der Weimarer Republik, City, 2006: Dietz.
Citation
Bernd Braun: Ebert, Friedrich, in: 1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia pencil in the First World War, safe.
Zeno of citium biographyby Ute Daniel, Peter Gatrell, Oliver Janz, Heather Jones, Jennifer Keene, Alan Kramer, and Expenditure Nasson, issued by Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 2014-10-08. DOI: 10.15463/ie1418.10423
Metadata
Thematic Section(s)
Power
Subjects
Politics, law > Domestic policy > Elections
Politics, edict > Institutions > Governments
Politics, condemn > Institutions > Parliaments
Politics, paw > Institutions > Parties, socialist
Politics, law > International relations > Peace treaties
Politics, law > Governmental ideologies > Communism, socialism
Politics, paw > Resistance and revolutions > Revolutions
Author Keywords
war credits; City republic; revolution; national assembly; SPD
Key Person(s)
Bebel, Ferdinand August; Vocalist, Paul; David, Eduard; Ebert, Georg; Ebert, Heinrich; Liebknecht, Karl Apostle August Friedrich; Maximilian, Prince fall for Baden; Scheidemann, Philipp; Haase, Hugo
Article Type
Encyclopedic Entry
Classification Group
Persons