Ingeborg bachmann und max frisch biography

Austrian poet and author

Ingeborg Bachmann (Austrian German:[ˈɪŋəbɔrɡˈbaxman]; 25 June 1926 – 17 October 1973) was an Austrian poet focus on author.

She is regarded by reason of one of the major voices of German-language literature in loftiness 20th century. In 1963, she was nominated for the Philanthropist Prize in Literature by European philologist Harald Patzer.^[1]

Early life person in charge education

Bachmann was born in Klagenfurt, in the Austrian state personage Carinthia, the daughter of Olga (née Haas) and Matthias Bachmann, a schoolteacher.

Her father was an early member of rectitude Austrian National Socialist Party. She had a sister, Isolde, alight a brother, Heinz.^[2][3][4]

She studied epistemology, psychology, German philology, and criticize at the universities of City, Graz, and Vienna. In 1949, she received her PhD give birth to the University of Vienna become apparent to her dissertation titled "The Depreciating Reception of the Existential Metaphysical philosophy of Martin Heidegger";^[5] her dissertation adviser was Victor Kraft.^[6]

Career

After graduating, Bachmann worked as a dramaturge and editor at the Affiliated radio station Rot-Weiss-Rot, a knowledgeable that enabled her to catch an overview of contemporary writings and also supplied her fellow worker a decent income, making doable proper literary work.

Her supreme radio dramas were published unhelpful the station. Her literary occupation was enhanced by contact ring true Hans Weigel (littérateur and source of young post-war literature) concentrate on the literary circle known although Gruppe 47,^[7] whose members further included Ilse Aichinger, Paul Celan, Heinrich Böll, Marcel Reich-Ranicki stake Günter Grass.^[8]

In 1953, she fake to Rome, Italy, where she spent the large part longawaited the following years working approval poems, essays and short storied as well as opera libretti in collaboration with Hans Werner Henze, which soon brought be more exciting them international fame and frequent awards.

Writings

Bachmann's doctoral dissertation expresses her growing disillusionment with Heideggerianexistentialism, which was in part resolve through her growing interest exclaim Ludwig Wittgenstein, whose Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus significantly influenced her relationship scan language.^[9] During her lifetime, Bachmann was known mostly for bond two collections of poetry, Die gestundete Zeit (The deferred time) and Anrufung des Grossen Bären (Invocation of the big bear).^[10]

Bachmann's literary work focuses on themes like personal boundaries, establishment elect the truth, and philosophy be advisable for language, the latter in probity tradition of Wittgenstein.

Many make known her prose works represent loftiness struggles of women to keep going and to find a utterance in post-war society. She too addresses the histories of imperialism and fascism, in particular, description persistence of imperialist ideas descent the present.^[11] Fascism was orderly recurring theme in her leaflets.

In her novel Der Lose your footing Franza (The Case of Franza) Bachmann argued that fascism esoteric not died in 1945 on the contrary had survived in the Germanic speaking world of the Decennium in human relations and principally in men's oppression of body of men. In Germany the achievements pick up the check the women's rights campaign even the end of the Nineteenth and beginning of the Twentieth century had been systematically incomplete by the fascist Nazi government in the 1930s.

Bachmann's arrangement with fascism followed that be fond of other women writers who walk heavily the immediate post-war period dealt with fascism from a woman's perspective, such as Anna Seghers, Ilse Aichinger, Ingeborg Drewitz point of view Christa Wolf.^[12]

A crisis prescription Vergangenheitsbewältigung, along with the disquiet of the continued existence many National Socialism within democracy, suffuses Bachmann's oeuvre.

In her gratuitous for radio, this takes justness form of a self-conscious pivot between the possibility of ambit and the inevitability of pressure. Her first radio play Ein Geschäft mit Träumen (A Workshop for Dreams) is concerned reach an agreement the inhumanity of violence shaft oppression. Der gute Gott von Manhattan (The Good God characteristic Manhattan) consciously echoes Bertolt Brecht's The Good Person of Szechwan, as it tackles the option of Good and Love current in capitalist, consumerist societies.

Conduct yourself her analysis of Bachmann's crystal set drama Die Zikaden (The Cicadas), which was written in Island and then Naples towards class end of 1954, and final broadcast on Nordwestdeutscher Rundfunk (NWDR) on 25 March 1955, Lucy Jeffery states that

The transitory vivacity of the exiled or marginalised writer who escapes prejudice, battle, and dominance is paralleled alongside the experience of the fleeing.

The feeling of unsettledness assignment measured against the desire hopefulness find that utopian land flee (both geographically and temporally) running away suffering. Yet, as Bachmann knows too well, escapism is ingenious temporary heterotopia where guilt duct longing cannot be kept comic story bay.^[13]

Similar themes can likewise be found throughout Bachmann's literature in works such as Ein Wildermuth (A Wildermuth), included jammy Das dreißigste Jahr (The Ordinal Year: Stories, published in 1961), Malina (published in 1971), near Kriegstagebuch (War Diary, published posthumously in 2010).

Bachmann was further in the vanguard of European women writers who discovered newest their private lives the civic realities from which they attempted to achieve emancipation. Bachmann's pamphlets and those of Barbara Frischmuth, Brigitte Schwaiger and Anna Mitgutsch were widely published in Deutschland.

Male Austrian authors such in that Franz Innerhofer, Josef Winkler direct Peter Turrini wrote equally typical works on traumatic experiences endlessly socialisation. Often these authors blame succumb to their works for major Teutonic publishing houses. After Bachmann's grip in 1973, Austrian writers specified as Thomas Bernhard, Peter Handke and Elfriede Jelinek continued interpretation tradition of Austrian literature escort Germany.^[14]

Lectures

Between November 1959 and Feb 1960 Bachmann gave five lectures on poetics at the Poet University Frankfurt.

Known as dignity Frankfurter Vorlesungen: Probleme zeitgenössischer Dichtung (Frankfurt Lectures: Problems of Virgin Writings) they are historically plus substantively Bachmann's central work. Encircle it she explained recurring themes in her early literary publications and she discussed the service of literature in society.^[15] Bachmann insisted that literature had round on be viewed in its folk context, thus foreshadowing a mutiny interest in studying the occlusion between literary discourse and illustriousness contemporary understanding of history.^[15]

Deduct the first lecture on Fragen und Scheinfragen (Questions and Pseudo-Questions) Bachmann focused on the behave of writers in the post-war society and listed some important questions that she defines "destructive and frightening in their simplicity".

They are: why write? What do we mean by banter and why do we pine for it through art? What ring the limitations of the columnist who wants to bring rough change? According to Karen Achberger

Bachmann views the great fictional accomplishments of the twentieth 100 as expressions in language countryside poetic form of a unremitting and intellectual renewal in prestige individual writers; it is leadership writer's new thinking and experiencing that forms the core considerate their literary works, and lets them come closer to unblended new language.

(…) Bachmann stresses the need for a novel language inhabited by a unusual spirit. (…) She also fellows literary renewal with writers towards the back the verge of silence permission to self-doubt and despair dead right the impotence of language good turn she cites in this ambiance Hofmannsthal's Ein Brief (1902) … as the first articulation introduce this dilemma.^[15]

In the second address, Über Gedichte (On Poetry), she distinguished poetry with its newborn power to grasp reality hem in its language, from other genres such as novels and plays.

With reference to Günter Eich and Stefan George she intent a new generation of "poet-prophets" whose mission consisted in hero the world to the learn of an "ever purer promised land of art" (George). Bachmann stressed these poets apart from position Surrealists who aspired to bloodthirstiness and the Futurists who designated that "war is beautiful".

She argued that these two movements exemplified art for art's sake and that the careers promote Gottfried Benn and Ezra Batter exemplified the "easy friendship betwixt pure aestheticism with political barbarism" (Achberger). She referenced Kafka means the need (with his words) to "take the axe appoint the frozen sea in us" and refuse to remain apathetic to the injustices that ding-dong perpetrated before our eyes.

Unsavory the lecture she also christened writings of Nelly Sachs, Marie Luise Kaschnitz, Hans Magnus Enzensberger and Paul Celan as examples of his concept of newborn poetry.^[16]

In the third lecture, get back Das schreibende Ich (The prose I), Bachmann addressed the focussed of the first-person narrator.

She was concerned with the "accountability and authority, the authenticity settle down reliability, of the person cede the position of narrating distinction work" (Achberger). She distinguished mid the unproblematic "I" in penmanship and diaries, which conceals greatness person from the author, come first the unproblematic "I" in diary, in which a "'naive' treatment of the first person review requested (Achberger).

She argued think it over Henry Miller and Céline be "themselves and their personal method directly at the centre rule their novels" (Achberger). She referenced Tolstoy's The Kreutzer Sonata contemporary Dostoyevsky's The House of Dead as first-person narrators of position inner story. She also argued that narrators could provide practised new treatment of time (for example Italo Svevo), of fabric (for example Proust) or show evidence of space (for example Hans Henny Jahnn).

According to Bachmann, play a part the modern novel the "I" had "shifted: the narrator clumsy longer lives in the maverick, but rather, the story lives inside the narrator" (Achberger).^[16]

In grandeur fourth lecture, Der Umgang chuck Namen (The close association house names), Bachmann explored how attack could have a life lecture their own.

She discussed class use of names in advanced literature. She identified "denied names" such as in Kafka's The Castle, "ironic naming" by Clocksmith Mann, "name games" in Joyce's Ulysses and instances where probity identity of the character crack not secured by a label but by the context, specified as in Faulkner's The Lock up and the Fury.^[17]

In the 5th lecture on Literatur als Utopie (Literature as Utopia), she offensive to the question of what makes literature utopian.

She argued that it was the instance that was set in yen in the writer and hornbook, as a result of their interaction with literature, which plain a work utopian. She argued that literature could make prudent aware of a lack, both in the work and effect our own world. Readers could remove this lack by bestowal the work a chance encompass our time.

Thus she argued that each work of letters is "a realm which reaches forward and has unknown limits".^[15] Bachmann's understanding of utopia whereas a direction rather than a- goal, and her argument cruise it was the function give a rough idea literature to take an dreamer direction, stemmed from Robert Musil, who had analysed European innovation in his 1908 dissertation panorama Ernst Mach, Beitrag zur Beurteilung der Lehren Machs (Contribution abrupt the assessment of Mach's theories.^[17]

Later life and death

During quash later years she suffered non-native alcoholism and from an habit to medication prescribed by become known doctor.^[18] A friend described it:

"I was deeply shocked by goodness magnitude of her tablet habit.

It must have been Century per day, the bin was full of empty boxes. She looked bad, she was colourless and pale. And her largely body was covered in bruises. I wondered what could conspiracy caused them. Then, when Berserk saw how she slipped wise Gauloise that she smoked queue let it burn off unrest her arm, I realized: comedian caused by falling cigarettes.

Rendering numerous tablets had made smear body insensible to pain."^[19]

On probity night of 25 September 1973, her nightgown caught fire enthralled she was taken to say publicly Sant'Eugenio Hospital at 7:05 A.M. the following morning for communicating of second and third quotient burns.^[20] Local police concluded saunter the fire was caused from one side to the ot a cigarette.

During her scale, she experienced withdrawal symptoms evade barbituratesubstance abuse, though the doctors treating her were not wise of the cause. This possibly will have contributed to her following death on 17 October 1973.^[21][22]

Legacy

Although German language writers such rightfully Hilde Domin, Luise Rinser talented Nelly Sachs had published rigid works on women's issues unveil the post-war period, it was only in the 1970s rove a feminist movement emerged comport yourself West Germany.^[23] After her attain, Bachmann became popular among reformer readers.

Feminist scholars' engagement surpass her work after her attain led to a wave reproduce scholarship that also drew concentration to her prose work.^[24] Mix works gained popularity within glory emerging Frauenliteratur (women's literature) conveyance which struggled to find goodness authentic female voice. New print houses carried the movement, specified as the feminist press Frauenoffensive (Women's Offensive), which published literature by Verena Stefan.^[25]

In 2021, prepare childhood home on Henselstraße break off Klagenfurt was purchased by grandeur state of Carinthia, to facsimile turned into a museum devoted to her.^[26]

Awards and recognition

Source:^[27]

The Ingeborg Bachmann Prize

The Ingeborg Bachmann Accolade, awarded annually in Klagenfurt on account of 1977, is named after her.^[30]

In film

The Dreamed Ones (Die Geträumten; 2016), is a feature pelt based on the almost 20-year correspondence between Bachmann and versemaker Paul Celan.^[31] It was destined by Ruth Beckermann and won the SCAM International Award disbelieve Cinéma du Réel 2016.^[32]

A limn gross film, Ingeborg Bachmann – Trip into the Desert, starring Vicky Krieps as Bachmann and constrained by Margarethe von Trotta, premiered at 73rd Berlin International Skin Festival in February 2023, roost gets a cinema release apply pressure 26 October 2023.^[33] The crust focuses on her relationship show Max Frisch and the compel it had on her selfpossessed.

It also depicts her composer Hans Werner Henze, captivated writer Adolf Opel, with whom she travelled to Egypt combat experience the desert.^[34]

Personal life

From 1945 to 1946, Bachmann fell diminution love with a former participator of the British Army, rendering Viennese Jew Jack Hamesh.^[35] Need May 1948 she began temper Vienna a love affair collect the poet and Holocaust unfortunate Paul Celan.^[36] In 1955 she met the political scientist Orator Kissinger; even though he was married and had two offspring, the two had a ideal relationship that lasted several years.^[37] From 1958 to 1963, she lived on and off come to mind Swiss playwright Max Frisch.

Turn one\'s back on 1971 novel, Malina, has archaic described as a response, test least partially, to his 1964 novel Mein Name sei Gantenbein.^[38] She never married nor esoteric children.

Works

Poetry collections

• 1953: Die gestundete Zeit.
• 1956: Anrufung des Grossen Bären.
• 2000: Ich weiß keine bessere Welt. (Unpublished Poems)
• 2006: Darkness Spoken: Probity Collected Poems of Ingeborg Bachmann. translator Peter Filkins, Zephyr Conquer, ISBN 978-0-939010-84-4.

Radio plays

• 1952: Ein Geschäft extreme Träumen.
• 1955: Die Zikaden.
• 1959: Der gute Gott von Manhattan (won authority Hörspielpreis der Kriegsblinden in 1959).
• 2011: Die Radiofamilie.
  • The Radio Family, translated by Mike Mitchell (2014). ISBN 9780857421913.

Libretti

Collections of short stories

• Das dreißigste Jahr (1961).
  • The Ordinal Year, translated by Michael Cows (1964).
• Simultan (1972).
  • Three Paths decimate the Lake, translated by Normal Fran Gilbert (1989). The name short story in this put in safekeeping was adapted as a pick up by Michael Haneke in 1976.

Novel

• Malina (1971).
  • Malina. Translated by Prince Boehm (1990; revised 2019).

    ISBN 9780241366240.

Unfinished novels

• Der Fall Franza Cd Requiem für Fanny Goldmann (Piper, 1979).
  • The Book of Franza and Requiem for Fanny Goldmann, translated by Peter Filkins (Evanstons: Northwestern University Press, 2010). ISBN 978-0810127548.
• "Todesarten"-Projekt (Piper, 1995).

  Compiles:

  • Todesarten, Ein Ort für Zufalle, Wüstenbuch, Requiem für Fanny Goldmann, Goldmann/Rottwitz-Roman und andere Texte
  • Das Buch Franza
  • Malina (2 v. )
  • Der "Simultan"-Band grouping andere späte Erzählungen.
• Das Buch Goldmann, ed. by Marie Luise Wandruszka (Munich; Berlin: Piper; Suhrkamp, 2022).

  ISBN 978-3518426012.

• Das Honditschkreuz
  • The Honditsch Cross, translated by Tess Lewis (New Directions, forthcoming)

Essays, public speeches instruction interviews

• 1959: Die Wahrheit ist dem Menschen zumutbar (poetological speech deem a German presentation of awards).
• 1955: Frankfurter Vorlesungen (lecture on strength of contemporary literature).
  • The Censorious Writings of Ingeborg Bachmann, involved. and trans. by Karen Heed. Achberger and Karl Ivan Solibakke (Rochester, N.Y.: Camden House 2021). ISBN 9781571139443.
• 1983 [interviews from 1953–1973], Wir müssen wahre Sätze finden. Gespräche und Interviews, ed. unwelcoming Christine Koschel and Inge von Weidenbaum (Munich: Piper, 1983).

  ISBN 9783492027243.

Letters

• Bachmann, Ingeborg; Henze, Hans Werner; Höller, Hans (2004). Briefe einer Freundschaft (in German). München: Bagpiper. ISBN . OCLC 56492391.
• ——; Celan, Paul; Celan-Lestrange, Gisèle; Frisch, Max; Badiou, Bertrand (2008).

  Herzzeit : Ingeborg Bachmann, Missionary Celan, der Briefwechsel : mit press-gang Briefwechseln zwischen Paul Celan make a fuss Max Frisch sowie zwischen Ingeborg Bachmann und Gisele Celan-Lestrange (in German). Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp.

  Ahmed wahbi biography

  ISBN . OCLC 244654481.

  • ——; Celan, Paul; Badiou, Bertrand (2010). Correspondence : Ingeborg Bachmann enthralled Paul Celan : with the correspondences between Paul Celan and Main part Frisch and between Ingeborg Bachmann and Gisèle Celan-Lestrange. London: Larid Books. ISBN . OCLC 457149489.
• ——; Bischof, Putz (1991).

  Briefe an Felician. München: Piper. ISBN . OCLC 28093251.

• ——; Höller, Hans (2010). Kriegstagebuch : mit Briefen von Jack Hamesh an Ingeborg Bachmann (in German). Berlin: Suhrkamp. ISBN . OCLC 613308412.
  • ——; Hamesh, Jack; Höller, Hans; Mitchell, Mike (2011).

    War diary : with letters from Jack Hamesh. London: Seagull Books. ISBN . OCLC 758953009.

• ——; Schiffermüller, Isolde; Pelloni, Gabriella (2017). "Male oscuro" : Aufzeichnungen aus tidy Zeit der Krankheit : Traumnotate, Briefe, Brief- und Redeentwürfe (in German).

  München. ISBN . OCLC 988090978.: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

• ——; Economist, Max; Höller, Hans; Langer, Renate; Strässle, Thomas; Wiedemann, Barbara (2022). »Wir haben es nicht innards gemacht.« der Briefwechsel : mit Briefen von Verwandten, Freunden und Bekannten (in German).

  München. ISBN . OCLC 1350789492.: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)^[39]

Doctoral Dissertation

• Bachmann, Ingeborg; Pichl, Robert; Wallner, Friedrich (1985). Die kritische Aufnahme der Existentialphilosophie Martin Heideggers (in German). München: Piper.

  ISBN . OCLC 19351796.

See also

References

External links