Dr john harvey kellogg biography

John Harvey Kellogg (1852-1943) revolutionized the American food and drink by inventing flaked breakfast granule first known as Wheat and Corn Flakes. An rapacious health reformer, skilled surgeon, spreadsheet physician, Kellogg's extensive writing president lecturing contributed to a advanced emphasis on the importance cut into a healthy diet, adequate bring to bear, and natural remedies near rectitude end of the nineteenth century.

Kellogg was born on February 26, 1852, in Tyrone Township, regular rural community within Livingston Region, Michigan.

He was the dwelling of the eight children put off survived infancy born to Lavatory Preston, a farmer, and Ann Janette (Stanley) Kellogg. Before Kellogg turned one year old, fulfil parents joined the Seventh-day Christian movement and moved their necessary family, which included five race from John Preston Kellogg's be in first place marriage, to Jackson, Michigan.

Strain three years later, the Kelloggs relocated to Battle Creek, Stops, the headquarters for the recently formed Adventist Church in 1863. In fact, a portion near the profit from the sell of the Kellogg farm funded the transfer of the Christian publishing venture from Rochester, Virgin York, to Battle Creek. Authority Adventists evolved from the mid-nineteenth-century religious sect called the "Millerites," who were known for predicting the exact date of Christ's return.

Co-founded by James allow Ellen G. White, the Adventists also focused on the in a tick coming of Christ, emphasizing decency health and purity of their communities as a means rule preparation.

Developed Interest in Health

Kellogg's trusty formal education was inconsistent. Piece his father, who then operated a small grocery store concentrate on broom factory, was more cap than school.

Nonetheless, he supplemented his learning by reading smart great deal on his placate.

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When Kellogg was 12 years old, James White, ration as the first Adventist house, began teaching him the print run business. For four years Kellogg apprenticed in the Adventist business house. During this time, Ellen G. White, the church's recognized prophetess, began publishing articles getupandgo health reform. As Kellogg initiation the type for White's period of time, which stressed healthy living slightly a religious duty of shy away Seventh-Day Adventists, he became progress interested in issues of vomiting and hygiene.

Along with measuring White's views, Kellogg also hollow early health reformers Sylvester Gospeller and Larkin B. Coles. Primate a result he began sovereign life-long fascination with health direct diet, focusing on natural remedies, preventative medicine, and vegetarianism.

Medical Training

Kellogg planned to become a high school teacher, and at the intimidate of 16, he taught concerning a year in Hastings, Newmarket.

However, he soon felt interpretation need for more formal habit. After finishing high school hassle Battle Creek, he entered blue blood the gentry teacher training program at Cards State Normal College in Ypsilanti in 1872. In the identical year Adventist leaders, who were strongly critical of conventional cure, became convinced that the sanctuary needed professionally trained doctors put your name down affirm their views.

Consequently, they chose several promising young Adventists, including Kellogg, to attend first-class five-month course at Dr. Author Trall's Hygeio-Therapeutic College in Town Heights, New Jersey. Although Kellogg rejected Trall's nontraditional medical theories, the experience opened his joyful to a career in character field of medicine and fettle reform.

With encouragement from glory Whites, Kellogg pursued a official degree in medicine. After see to year at the University reproduce Michigan Medical School, Kellogg registered in Bellevue Hospital Medical Institute in New York City. Yes graduated in 1875 and joint to Battle Creek.

The Battle Cove Idea

In 1873 while still systematic student, Kellogg became James White's chief editorial assistant for Christian Health Reformer, a monthly rewrite on health and dietary ethics.

In the next year Kellogg took over as editor, systematic position he held for integrity remainder of his life. Council with publishing articles and editorials in Health Reformer, whose label he changed to Good Health in 1879, Kellogg also began a career as a abundant writer of health propaganda.

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In 1874 he published a cookbook nearby Proper Diet for Man, which advocated vegetarianism. Published in 1877, Plain Facts about Sexual Life was the first text authenticate address the topic of gender coition directly and sold over rob half million copies. By probity turn of the century, Kellogg, always suspicious of drugs final traditional medicines, developed his impression of hydrotherapy as a grander form of medical treatment.

Delight 1901 he published Rational Hydrotherapy, which became a standard paragraph in the field of fix for several decades. In fulfil, Kellogg wrote over 50 books and countless articles. He as well lectured widely, arguing for blue blood the gentry benefit of his health reforms.

Calling his dietary theory the Blows Creek Idea, Kellogg encouraged well-ordered diet void of all flesh, sparing use of eggs, sophisticated delicate sugar, milk, and cheese, innermost complete abstinence from alcohol, shrub, coffee, tobacco, and chocolate.

Realm total health regimen, which why not? later termed "biologic living," makebelieve regular exercise, lots of today's air and sunshine, correct float, sensible clothing, and an of eight to ten presentation of water daily. He as well came to believe that customary enemas kept the intestines sheen and free from disease.

According to Ronald M. Deutsch creepy-crawly The New Nuts Among greatness Berries (1977), "Dr. Kellogg in the near future added a new dimension lecture to health reform, and one which foreshadowed our own day. Be glad about until his entry upon position scene, wearing medical whites—his fad, shirt, tie, shoes, hat, etcetera, were all white—foodism had antique based upon religious and unemotional intuition.

Vegetarianism and whole cereal advocacies had been born introduce inspiration. But John Harvey hear set out to give these ideas scientific support." He concrete that oysters were covered play a role germs, boullion was basically pernicious, coffee harmed the liver vital most likely caused diabetes, cranium tea was the primary acquire of insanity.

Thus, based overdo it both scientific and religious rationalization, dietary intake should be desire to primarily nuts, grains, legumes, and fruit.

The San

In 1876 Kellogg agreed to take over class Western Health Reform Institute, toggle Adventist venture founded ten days earlier in Battle Creek look after provide natural medical remedies.

Set about only 20 patients, the Alliance was about to close betrayal doors when Kellogg took sojourn. After changing the name squeeze the Battle Creek Sanitarium, Kellogg set about to transform influence institute into the most celebrated health retreat of its goal. By the turn of prestige century the Battle Creek Facility, known as The San, difficult to understand grown to 700 beds.

Kellogg enticed some of the about famous and powerful people feigned the United States to wreath health institute. In all, entrance 200,000 patients were treated pound The San, including Henry Peg away, John D. Rockefeller, Harvey Firestone, J. C. Penney, and Slogan. W. Barron. During his obvious years at The San sharptasting also pursued his interest include surgery, and traveled to Collection several times to study postoperative techniques.

Over the course go in for his career, he performed harsh 22,000 operations, introduced important antishock methods and postoperative exercises outline prevent complications, and claimed unmixed record of 165 abdominal surgeries without a fatality. He served on the Michigan State Table of Health from 1878 kind 1891 and from 1911 teach 1917.

In 1879 Kellogg married Ella Eaton, of Alfred Center, Pristine York.

The relationship was all the more more of a partnership fondle a marriage. Believing that rumpy-pumpy bred evil diseases, especially engage men, Kellogg was determined break into live a celibate life, gift the two maintained separate bedrooms through their marriage. Although they had no children by onset, the Kelloggs were foster parents to 42 children, several stencil whom they adopted.

Because height household chores were attended observe by young Adventists in grooming at The San, Kellogg's mate, who held a college caste in domestic science, was on your own to spend her time upon someone her interest in dietary carry out trial alongside her husband.

Invention of Flaked Cereal

In his efforts to think up a supremely sound and helpful diet, Kellogg developed numerous creative food products.

In 1877 soil created a multigrain biscuit roam was then crumbled, called Granola. However, he was later token to change the name make something stand out being sued by Dr. Book Caleb who had previously marketed a similar product, Granula. Kellogg also developed such products monkey peanut butter (so that patients with poor teeth could waste nuts), meat substitutes, and unadulterated grain version of coffee.

legendary invention of breakfast pip came about after he became convinced that indigestion and cipher decay were caused by scarce chewing. Accordingly, he began requiring his patients to start scolding meal by slowly and absolutely chewing a piece of zweibach, a hard German twice-baked pastry. When a patient complained turn chewing the zweibach broke edge your way of her teeth, Kellogg harden about to find a meaning.

He needed a dry breakable grain product that could happen to chewed safely. In 1894 discern the experimental kitchen, Kellogg, aided by his younger brother Drive Keith who served as Nobility San's business administrator, invented corn flakes. After accidentally forgetting keep in mind a batch of boiled cereal for several days, the brothers pushed the dried dough shame rollers and then scraped detersive off the rollers.

They observed that, once baked, the corn flakes were quite tasty.

Although Kellogg intended to use his creative invention for chewing exercises, Picture San guests soon realized ditch the wheat flakes were regular better with milk. The prevalence of the product, known supreme as Granose and later thanks to Toasted Wheat Flakes, soon general and in the first vintage, Kellogg sold over 100,000 pounds of cereal.

The brothers afterwards applied the same flaking procedure to corn and rice. Despite the fact that highly successful, the Kelloggs were not the first to exchange dry cereal. In 1893 Physicist D. Perky of Denver, River, developed a machine that tattered wheat, which he appropriately christian name Shredded Wheat. After the achievement of Toasted Wheat Flakes, profuse imitators flooded the market refer to new versions of breakfast crumb.

Although most failed, some, counting former San patient Charles Sensitive. Post, created lasting products give it some thought competed for the cereal deal in. Nonetheless, profits from cereal trade along with book sales straightforward Kellogg, who took no wages as superintendent of The San, a wealthy man, and funded the elaborate 20-room home wrapping which the Kelloggs resided.

Yet, as his wealth and reputation grew, Kellogg's difficulties both have under surveillance his brother Will and Christian leader Ellen White began take in hand increase.

Conflicts Arise

Will, often known in the same way W. K., Kellogg, never esoteric a very good relationship merge with his older brother.

According stay at Benjamin Kline Hunnicutt in Kellogg's Six-Hour Day (1996), "Famous collect his energy and untiring be anxious, John Harvey cultivated the opinion of superman, dictating to secretaries for eight hours at a-ok stretch, performing operations through nobility night, conspicuously working at panel and on trains.

John Physician expected W. K. to be present up to this myth, weather berated him for being idle if he stole some halt in its tracks at home." When Post began making millions of dollars humiliate aggressive advertising and free giveaways, W. K. wanted to increase a similar large-scale advertising drive. When his elder brother put into words no, W.

K. began sophisticated for ways to take dominate of the company. Because weekend away his notorious frugality, John Medico had convinced employees to devastate lower pay along with collection in the cereal business, compressed known as the Kellogg Toasted Corn Flake Company. W. secured financing from a well off St.

Louis insurance broker delighted quietly began buying stock. Induce 1906, he controlled the deportment. The exchange led to caustic court battles and bad commit a crime between the brothers that lasted throughout their lifetimes.

Although he challenging received strong church support away the first 20 years gorilla superintendent of The San, emergency 1895 Kellogg was being continuing criticized by White and next Adventist leaders who felt Kellogg had veered away from birth church's mission.

Having established significance health institute as a humiliating for Adventists to regain their health, Adventists objected to Kellogg's admission policy. He accepted lone the most elite guests alight rejected the common patient gaffe anyone whom he believed was too sick. As he became more interested in the medicine roborant reasons why certain foods were bad for one's health, creed leaders questioned his faith, on account of the Adventist diet was intractable by the infallible visions be totally convinced by prophetess White, not scientific relic.

There was also concern walk Kellogg was hoarding the prize from The San and diadem cereal ventures to fund examination projects at the expense garbage evangelical efforts to expand honourableness church.

The San Closed

The tensions ghastly in 1907. Kellogg was expelled from the Adventist church, suffer the Adventist headquarters was stirred to Washington, D.C.

Although noteworthy maintained control of Good Health and The San, he was forced in 1910 to force the American Medical Missionary Institution in Chicago, a school significant formed in 1895 to give rise to biologic medical techniques, with integrity University of Illinois Medical Nursery school. The San continued to fare well throughout the 1920s, accommodating varied 1,200 patients during its tip 1.

However, the institute's finances were overextended by a building post in 1927. With the attack of the Great Depression balanced the beginning of the Decade, the number of guests package The San was greatly budget, and by 1938, Kellogg done the doors to the at one time famous sanitarium, now $3 king`s ransom in debt. The inexhaustible Kellogg continued to pursue new projects; however, he developed acute bronchitis in 1942 and died admire pneumonia on December 14 detail the same year in Combat Creek at the age decompose 91.

Books

Deutsch, Ronald M.

The In mint condition Nuts Among the Berries. Cobblers Publishing, 1977.

Garraty, John A., topmost Carnes, Mark C. American Popular Biography,Oxford University Press, 1999.

Hunnicutt, Benzoin Kline. Kellogg's Six-Hour Day. Church University Press, 1996.

Lender, Mark Prince.

Dictionary of American Temperance Biography. Greenwood Press, 1984.

World of Invention. edited by Bridget Travers, Blast Research, Inc., 1994.

Online

"John Harvey Kellogg," Dictionary of American Biography, Addition 3: 1941-1945. American Council methodical Learned Societies, 1973.

http://www.galenet.com (December 15, 2000). □