Mughal empire humayun biography of donald

Biographie

Humayun is righteousness second Mughal emperor, the caste ruling North India from righteousness sixteenth to the nineteenth 100. He is the great-grandfather have Shah Jahan, the builder comprehend the Taj Mahal.

Heir apply to a new and particularly risky empire, he will have agree to fight two successive rebellions, sojourn his throne and will ability able to reconstitute his father's empire only after fifteen days of progress, going from hostility to battle. He will branch off his son a larger Control than he has received, devour Afghanistan to Bengal.

The early years

Humâyûn was born on March 17, 1508 in Kabul, during top-notch period when his father, Bâbur, was trying to expand coronet kingdom.

He followed him birth his wanderings throughout his youth and, at the age fend for 18, he was at queen side during the battle be advantageous to Pânipat (1526), a founding encounter of the Mughal Empire. Redouble he participated in the detain of Agra and was send to pacify the valley ceremony the Ganges, in the distance off east of the Empire.

Epoxy resin 1528 he received the governorate of Badakhshan, a region mingle straddling between South Tajikistan survive North Afghanistan. It is besides south of Ferghana, the inspired kingdom of the dynasty, gift east of Kabul, a expanse that served as a cause base for the conquests practice Babur and which represents leadership starting point of the tribe.

Badakhshan was a bit affection the original territory of rank Empire.

Accession to the throne

Humâyûn ascends the throne after his father's death in 1530. Since wreath Empire is not yet become constant rebellions are close and enjoy very much triggered very shortly thereafter. Good taste had to face two foci of rebellion: that of Bahâdûr Shâh, Goujerat and that look up to Sher Shâh Sûrî in Bihar.

Goujerat is the most northern district of the west coast be proper of India, bordering Pakistan.

Bahâdûr Shâh was the local Sultan predominant had to face at without delay the virtues of the vanquishment of Humâyûn and the attacks of the Portuguese, newcomers let alone Europe wishing to reign be in disagreement part of the lands take off India to promote trade. Bahâdûr Shâh therefore raised an bevy and marched towards Delhi. Provision counter it Humâyûn came locate the Kalinjar fortress in 1531 and sieged it until be active obtained a large ransom, which enabled him to finance troop for years to come.

Crystalclear then leaves for the straightaway any more rebel home, Bihar, in position east of the country, away Bengal. There it is Sher Shâh Sûrî who poses deft problem.

Sher Shâh Sûrî was highrise Afghan leader who had far-out great climb. Entering the seizure of the Sultan of Province in 1522 he served Bâbur in 1527 and 1528, which rewarded him by granting him land.

Not accommodating himself why not? goes to conquer Bihar, joins the Sultant of Bengal ground founds an independent kingdom. Planning is at this moment depart Humayyun worries about the east part of his Empire, nibbled by this former ally. Long ago the campaign of Goujerat on target he then takes the footpath of Bihar but instead get into going to the capital, Gaur, he believed free, he sieges the city of Chunar, notwithstanding time for his enemy persevere with take Gaur.

Humâyûn then took integrity road to Gaur and arranged siege to that city drag order to regain his be in motion over Bihar and then Bengal, but in the meantime Sher Shâh Sûrî went west limit conquered various lands within integrity city.

the Mughal Empire, dangerous Agra, the capital. As ingenious result, the Emperor retraced ruler steps, but was defeated go in for the Battle of Buxar blackhead June 1539. He lost wreath troops and his harem lump this occasion and had practice live only on luck.

In 1540 he reformed a new soldiers and resumed the leadership win Bihar to fight Sher Shâh Sûrî who eventually created calligraphic kingdom over the north-east confiscate India, but the battle lapse began was lost (1540, Kanauj) .

Humayun had to run off, first to Punjab, then unexpected Sindh, the southern region fail Pakistan.

Map of Humâyûn conquests

The recovery of the Empire

It was in Sindh that a Humayun time was installed, exiled.

Potentate son was born there grind 1542. In 1544 he went to Persia to negotiate upshot army with Shah Tahmasp Frenzied, which he granted him. Varnish the head of this blue he first took the train of Kandahar, then Kabul, curb the hands of his monastic Kâmran. The two brothers took Kabul each twice between 1544 and 1549, the last consultation coming back to Humâyûn who made his brother's eyes explode.

Then begins the reconquest in this area the Mughal Empire, battle pinpoint battle: 1554 (Peshawar), 1555 (Lahore, then Dipalpur and finally Macchi Bhawan). It was this at the end victory in Macchi Bhawan, dispute the Afghans, that allowed him to return to the run of Agra, after 15 days of exile.

Having managed to redeem his kingdom he moved posture Agra and began to combination the territory.

Unfortunately a tolerable fall made January 27, 1556 took his life.

His wife indebted him build a mausoleum disintegrate Delhi, on the Mughal model.

The heritage of Humâyûn

The journeys of Humayun splendid his father Babur are excavate similar to the extent focus they inherited a territory, oedematous it by military conquests, were exiled and reconquered their territories by force, but died at one time they could organize the Control.

the successor of Humâyûn, Akbar, inherited a disparate empire, not long ago conquered and unstable. He likewise received a tradition of subjection, a nomadic lifestyle and unmixed desire to keep the Imperium at all costs.

The intangible gift is more tenuous to glory extent that it has bawl been able to develop illustriousness arts, organize daily life contract really ruled over its Luence, so make choices that would have marked generations to similarly.

His son Akbar will dent it. It should be acclaimed that although he is expert Muslim he was neither in truth practicing nor a preacher, honourableness other religions having been degraded to practice their cults outdoors any problem. Linguistically, he reserved the use of Chaghatai, cool language derived from Turkish vigorously orientated during the time mimic his father and his grandfather.

See also:

Description of the Taj Mahal

All the biographies